{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:33:24Z","timestamp":1792510404358,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: High total IgE levels are weak predictors of T2High and have been reported in nonallergic asthma. Therefore, the role of total serum IgE (IgE) in the T2High phenotype is still debated. Objective: This study investigated the reliability of stratifying asthmatics into IgEHigh and IgELow within the T2High and T2Low phenotypes. Methods: This cross-sectional single-center study investigated the association of clinical, functional, and bio-humoral parameters in a large asthmatic population stratified by IgE \u2265 100 kU\/L, allergen sensitization, B-EOS \u2265 300\/\u00b5L, and FENO \u2265 30 ppb. Results: Combining T2 biomarkers and IgE identifies (1) T2Low-IgELow (15.5%); (2) T2Low-IgEHigh (5.1%); (3) T2High-IgELow (33.6%); and T2High-IgEHigh (45.7%). T2Low-IgELow patients have more frequent cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, a higher prevalence of emphysema, and higher LAMA use than the two T2High subgroups. Higher exacerbation rates, rhinitis, and anxiety\/depression syndrome characterize the T2Low-IgEHigh phenotype vs. the T2Low-IgELow phenotype. Within the T2High, low IgE was associated with female sex, obesity, and anxiety\/depression. Conclusions: High IgE in T2Low patients is associated with a peculiar clinical phenotype, similar to T2High in terms of disease severity and nasal comorbidities, while retaining the T2Low features. IgE may represent an additional biomarker for clustering asthma in both T2High and T2Low phenotypes rather than a predictor of T2High asthma \u201cper se\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12175447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T09:10:56Z","timestamp":1692695456000},"page":"5447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Reliability of Total Serum IgE Levels to Define Type 2 High and Low Asthma Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3876-8587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Guida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4390-0394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Bertolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitina","family":"Carriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Levra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5891-871X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Elio","family":"Sprio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 19112 Marsa, Malta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Sciolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Orpheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Arrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Pizzimenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7016-8421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Ciprandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Clinic, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, 16145 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1826-5018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio Luigi Massimo","family":"Ricciardolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (IFT-CNR), Section of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma (2022, September 15). 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