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We examined the extent to which a woman\u2019s comorbid anxiety, her exposure to adversity, and infant characteristics moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms of women and interactions with their infants at 6 (n = 647) and 12 months (n = 346) postpartum. The methods included standardized coding of mother\u2013infant interactions and structural regression modeling. The results at 6 months of infant age indicated that infant male sex and infant negative affectivity were risk factors for mothers\u2019 depression being associated with less optimal interactions. At 12 months of infant age, two moderators appeared to buffer the influence of depression: a woman\u2019s history of trauma and infant preterm birth (\u226437 weeks gestation). The results reinforce the salience of infant characteristics in the relationship between maternal depression and mother\u2013infant interactions. The findings also suggest that experiences of trauma may offer opportunities for psychological growth that foster constructive management of depression\u2019s potential effect on mother\u2013infant interactions. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying processes and mechanisms that explain the influence of these moderators. The ultimate goals are to reduce the risk of suboptimal interactions and reinforce healthy dyadic relations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12175503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T10:23:40Z","timestamp":1692872620000},"page":"5503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Unique Characteristics of Women and Infants Moderate the Association between Depression and Mother\u2013Infant Interaction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sandra J.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherryl H.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon A.","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret Tresch","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana I.","family":"Simeonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine Youngwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Rosenblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9888-8519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Muzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kingston, D., Kehler, H., Austin, M.-P., Mughal, M.K., Wajid, A., Vermeyden, L., Benzies, K., Brown, S., Stuart, S., and Giallo, R. 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