{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T23:34:53Z","timestamp":1789256093936,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-acting buprenorphine formulations have been recently marketed for the Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) of opioid use disorder (OUD) associated with medical, social, and psychological support. Their duration of action ranges from one week up to 6 months. The non-medical use of opioids is increasing with a parallel rise in lethal overdoses. Methadone and buprenorphine are the standard treatment for opioid dependence. Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) is widely recognized as one of the most effective ways of reducing the risks of overdose, crime, and transmission of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in people who use opioids; however, its effectiveness has been hindered by low rates of uptake and retention in treatment. Furthermore, both methadone and buprenorphine are widely diverted and misused. Thus, a crucial aspect of treating OUD is facilitating patients\u2019 access to treatment while minimizing substance-related harm and improving quality of life. The newly developed long-acting buprenorphine formulations represent a significant change in the paradigm of OUD treatment, allowing an approach individualized to patients\u2019 needs. Strengths of this individualized approach are improved adherence (lack of peaks and troughs in blood concentrations) and a reduced stigma since the patient doesn\u2019t need to attend their clinic daily or nearly daily, thus facilitating social and occupational integrations as the quality of life. However, less frequent attendance at the clinic should not affect the patient\u2013physician relationship. Therefore, teleconsulting or digital therapeutic services should be developed in parallel. In addition, diversion and intravenous misuse of buprenorphine are unlikely due to the characteristics of these formulations. These features make this approach of interest for treating OUD in particular settings, such as subjects staying or when released from prison or those receiving long-term residential treatment for OUD in the therapeutic communities. The long-lasting formulations of buprenorphine can positively impact the OUD treatment and suggest future medical and logistic developments to maximize their personalized management and impact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12175575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T05:46:47Z","timestamp":1693201607000},"page":"5575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Long-Acting Buprenorphine Formulations as a New Strategy for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6324-0576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Icro","family":"Maremmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VP Dole Research Group, G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Via di Pratale 3, 56121 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"UniCamillus, International Medical University in Rome, Via di Sant\u2019Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7211-5689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice","family":"Dematteis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Addiction Medicine, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Rue de la Chantourne, 38043 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9334-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward J.","family":"Gorzelanczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theoretical Basis of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Philosophy, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"The Society for the Substitution Treatment of Addiction \u201dMedically Assisted Recovery\u201d, 85-791 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mugelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Via della Pergola, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Walcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONCEPT Center for Addiction Medicine, Kaiserstrasse 1, D-80801 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Torrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pawinski, R., Lembo, D., Alho, H., Maremmani, I., Dematteis, M., Roncero, C., and Soyka, M. 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