{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T13:29:13Z","timestamp":1784294953664,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The injection of autologous blood (AB) is one of the methods of treatment of recurrent dislocations in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs). Due to the low invasiveness of this technique, it is reasonable to evaluate it in accordance with the standards of evidence-based medicine. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify primary studies on AB injection for the treatment of TMJ hypermobility and assess the therapy for effectiveness. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the current \u201cPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses\u201d guidelines. Controlled randomized trials comparing dislocation episode rates, range of motion in the TMJ, or articular pain intensity were adopted as the eligibility criteria. Final searches were conducted on 11 June 2023 using Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Elsevier Scopus, and the National Library of Medicine: PubMed. Trials were assessed using the \u201cOxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence\u201d scale and \u201cA revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials\u201d. The results of the individual studies were tabulated, syntheses were illustrated in graphs. Twenty two studies involving 982 patients were included in the qualitative analysis, of which seven studies involving 390 patients were subject to quantitative analysis. None of the included randomized controlled trials presented a high risk of bias, 75% of them raised some concerns. In a three-month observation, administration of AB was more efficient in limiting temporomandibular dislocations than hypertonic dextrose (1 study, 32 patients, relative risk = 0.33, odds ratio = 0.29) and no difference in outcomes was observed between intracavitary and pericapsular administration compared to pericapsular injection alone (2 studies, 70 patients, relative risk = 1.00, odds ratio = 1.00). Injections of AB into the temporomandibular joints are effective in preventing further TMJ dislocation episodes in 75\u201394% of patients. This study received no funding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12175590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T06:10:22Z","timestamp":1693203022000},"page":"5590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Autologous Blood Injections in Temporomandibular Hypermobility: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6199-4753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Preventive Medicine Center, Komorowskiego 12, 30-106 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5113-9817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"R\u0105palska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Preventive Medicine Center, Komorowskiego 12, 30-106 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8075-9989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Turosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Edical College, Skawi\u0144ska 8, 31-066 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4497-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Chlubek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3348-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, Wojska Polskiego 51, 25-375 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151","article-title":"Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC\/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications: Recommendations of the International RDC\/TMD Consortium Network* and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group\u2020","volume":"28","author":"Schiffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral Facial. Pain. Headache"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2018.10.274","article-title":"Surgical Management of Recurrent Dislocation of the Temporomandibular Joint: A New Treatment Protocol","volume":"56","author":"Tocaciu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-012-0454-7","article-title":"Recurrent Mandibular Dislocation in Geriatric Patients: Treatment and Prevention by a Simple and Non-Invasive Technique","volume":"14","author":"Chhabra","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2004.01.010","article-title":"Reduction of a Chronic Bilateral Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation with Intermaxillary Fixation and Botulinum Toxin A","volume":"42","author":"Aquilina","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-002-0187-y","article-title":"Treatment of Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation with Intramuscular Botulinum Toxin Injection","volume":"7","author":"Ziegler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowak, Z., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Nitecka-Buchta, A., Bulanda, S., Ilczuk-Rypu\u0142a, D., Postek-Stefa\u0144ska, L., and Baron, S. (2021). Intramuscular Injections and Dry Needling within Masticatory Muscles in Management of Myofascial Pain. Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189552"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-022-01738-x","article-title":"A Comparative Preliminary Randomized Clinical Study to Evaluate Heavy Bupivacaine Dextrose Prolotherapy (HDP) and Autologous Blood Injection (ABI) for Symptomatic Temporomandibular Joint Hypermobility Disorder","volume":"22","author":"Bhargava","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chhapane, A., Wadde, K., Sachdev, S.S., Barai, S., Landge, J., and Wadewale, M. (2023). Comparison of Autologous Blood Injection and Dextrose Prolotherapy in the Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Temporomandibular Dislocation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg., 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-023-01848-0"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.njms_509_21","article-title":"Comparison of Autologous Blood Prolotherapy and 25% Dextrose Prolotherapy for the Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation on the Basis of Clinical Parameters: A Retrospective Study","volume":"13","author":"Pandey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Natl. J. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthews, N.S. (2018). Dislocation of the Temporomandibular Joint, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-62652-9"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Nowak, Z., and Chlubek, D. (2021). Variants and Modifications of the Retroauricular Approach Using in Temporomandibular Joint Surgery: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10102049"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-021-01540-1","article-title":"Arthrocentesis Followed by Autologous Blood Injection in the Treatment of Chronic Symptomatic Subluxation of Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"21","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Tocaciu, S. (2019). Surgical Management of Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation-Systematic Literature Review and Development of a Treatment Protocol. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Melbourne Dental School]."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182326f99","article-title":"Histopathologic Evaluation of Autologous Blood Injection to the Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"22","author":"Yldrm","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.10.010","article-title":"Histological Evaluation of the Changes in Temporomandibular Joint Capsule and Retrodiscal Ligaments Following Autologous Blood Injection","volume":"41","author":"Gulses","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cranio. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-015-0500-y","article-title":"Autologous Blood Injection for Treatment of Chronic Recurrent TMJ Dislocation: Is It Successful? Is It Safe Enough? A Systematic Review","volume":"19","author":"Varedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"59","article-title":"The Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","volume":"115","author":"Prechel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dtsch. \u00c4rztebl. Int."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2018.04.009","article-title":"Injectable Agents Versus Surgery for Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","volume":"30","author":"Renapurkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-03126-1","article-title":"Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Luxation: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"24","author":"Abrahamsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska, K., Nowak, Z., Sikora, M., and Chlubek, D. (2022). Treatment of Mandibular Hypomobility by Injections into the Temporomandibular Joints: A Systematic Review of the Substances Used. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092305"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska, K., Turosz, N., Brzozowska, A., Chlubek, D., and Sikora, M. (2023). Current Clinical Research Directions on Temporomandibular Joint Intra-Articular Injections: A Mapping Review. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144655"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2023, May 04). BASE-Bielefeld Academic Search Engine|What Is BASE?. Available online: https:\/\/www.base-search.net\/about\/en\/index.php."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"(2023, July 21). About|Elsevier Scopus Blog. Available online: https:\/\/blog.scopus.com\/about."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2023, May 04). PubMed Overview, Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/about\/."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan\u2014A Web and Mobile App for Systematic Reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Howick, J., Chalmers, I., Glasziou, P., Greenhalgh, T., Heneghan, C., Liberati, A., Moschetti, I., Phillips, B., Thornton, H., and Goddard, O. (2011). OCEBM Levels of Evidence\u2014Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM), University of Oxford. Available online: https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/levels-of-evidence\/ocebm-levels-of-evidence."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: A Revised Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias in Randomised Trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"291","article-title":"Autologous Blood Injection for the Treatment of Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","volume":"70","author":"Yoshioka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Med. Okayama"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2009.03.678","article-title":"Blood Fate in Therapy of the Temporomandibular Joint Hypermobility Using an Injection of Autologous Blood","volume":"38","author":"Usvald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1075.164913","article-title":"Pain Relief Can Be Painful","volume":"21","author":"Bindra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2014.12.013","article-title":"Alice in Wonderland Syndrome and Hypermobility of the Temporomandibular Joint: Association or Coincidence?","volume":"53","author":"Hasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2012.11.004","article-title":"Treatment of Recurrent TMJ Dislocation in Geriatric Patient by Autologous Blood\u2013A Technique Revisited","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Oral Biol. Craniofacial. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoms.2013.12.004","article-title":"Arthroscopic Findings after Autologous Blood Injection in the Treatment of Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","volume":"27","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Med. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2009.01.001","article-title":"The Use of Autologous Blood and Adjunctive \u2018Face Lift\u2019 Bandage in the Management of Recurrent TMJ Dislocation","volume":"47","author":"Pinto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.49.237","article-title":"Autologous Blood Injection into the Articular Cavity for the Treatment of Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation: A Case Report","volume":"49","author":"Kato","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"187","article-title":"[Pericapsular autologous blood injection as therapy for habitual temporomandibular joint luxation]","volume":"36","author":"Tetsch","year":"1981","journal-title":"Dtsch. Zahnarztl. Z."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"318","article-title":"Investigations on Recurrent Condyle Dislocation in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction: A Therapeutical Concept","volume":"10","author":"Wagner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2001.116602","article-title":"Autologous Blood Injection for Treatment of Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","volume":"92","author":"Hasson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaomr.jiaomr_199_21","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Autologous Blood Injection and Conservative Therapy for the Management of Chronic Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","volume":"34","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Indian Acad. Oral Med. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_107_21","article-title":"Evaluation of Intermaxillary Fixation (IMF) Screw Therapy with Craniomandibular Index Analysis for Chronic Recurrent Dislocation in the Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"25","author":"Ertas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Niger. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21608\/ejentas.2021.56244.1300","article-title":"Efficacy of Autologous Blood Injection for Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Temporo-Mandibular Joint Dislocation","volume":"22","author":"Amer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Ear. Nose Throat Allied Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"1878","article-title":"Comparison of Mean Decrease in Mouth Opening by Autologous Blood Injection in Superior Joint Space with and without Pericapsular Tissue in Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation in Mayo Hospital Lahore","volume":"70","author":"Bukhari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pak. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.NJMS_57_18","article-title":"Ultrasound-Guided Autologous Blood Injection in Patients with Chronic Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","volume":"11","author":"Gagnani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natl. J. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-017-0666-6","article-title":"A Prospective Assessment of Outcomes Following the Use of Autologous Blood for the Management of Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","volume":"22","author":"Machon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2017.08.009","article-title":"Clinical Outcome after 36 Months of Treatment with Injections of Autologous Blood for Recurrent Dislocation of the Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"56","author":"Yoshida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"e962","article-title":"Clinical and Radiological Outcome of Arthrocentesis Followed by Autologous Blood Injection for Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.20517\/2347-9264.2014.105","article-title":"Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Dislocation of Temporomandibular Joint by Autologus Blood Injection","volume":"3","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast. Aesthetic. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2015.05.004","article-title":"Autologous Blood Injection for the Treatment of Recurrent Mandibular Dislocation","volume":"44","author":"Coser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.04.018","article-title":"Analysis of MRI Findings in Minimum Invasive Treatment for Habitual Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation by Autologous Blood Injection around the Temporomandibular Joint Capsule","volume":"42","author":"Oshiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.05.004","article-title":"Arthrocentesis Followed by Intra-Articular Autologous Blood Injection for the Treatment of Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","volume":"43","author":"Bayoumi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-012-0442-y","article-title":"The Effect of Chronic Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation: Frequency on the Success of Autologous Blood Injection","volume":"12","author":"Candirli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2013.04.010","article-title":"Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Dislocation of the Temporomandibular Joint with Injection of Autologous Blood Alone, Intermaxillary Fixation Alone, or Both Together: A Prospective, Randomised, Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"51","author":"Hegab","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31824dba9e","article-title":"Short-Term Results of Autologous Blood Injection for Treatment of Habitual TMJ Luxation","volume":"23","author":"Triantafillidou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2012.42.1.13","article-title":"Autologous Blood Injection to the Temporomandibular Joint: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings","volume":"42","author":"Candirli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Imaging Sci. Dent."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.08.002","article-title":"Autologous Blood Injection as a New Treatment Modality for Chronic Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","volume":"109","author":"Daif","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.08.044","article-title":"Autologous Blood Injection for the Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","volume":"67","author":"Machon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sielski, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska, K., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., and Sikora, M. (2023). Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin (I-PRF) Administered to Temporomandibular Joint Cavities: A Scoping Review. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093326"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haddad, C., Zoghbi, A., El Skaff, E., and Touma, J. (2023). Platelet-rich Plasma Injections for the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Systematic Review. J. Oral Rehabil., joor.13545.","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13545"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Sielski, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska, K., Czerwi\u0144ska-Niezabitowska, B., and Chlubek, D. (2022). Patient-Reported Quality of Life versus Physical Examination in Treating Temporomandibular Disorders with Intra-Articular Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections: An Open-Label Clinical Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013299"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2023.01.017","article-title":"Evaluation of the Efficiency of Hyaluronic Acid, PRP and I-PRF Intra-Articular Injections in the Treatment of Internal Derangement of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Prospective Study","volume":"51","author":"Vingender","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cranio. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2021.07.027","article-title":"Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement Using Arthrocentesis Combined with Injectable Platelet Rich Fibrin versus Arthrocentesis Alone","volume":"17","author":"Ghoneim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Sielski, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Nowak, Z., Czerwi\u0144ska-Niezabitowska, B., and Chlubek, D. (2022). Repeated Intra-Articular Administration of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Clinical Case Series. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154281"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/17\/5590\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:40:07Z","timestamp":1760128807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/17\/5590"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12175590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12175590","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]]}}}