{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T07:52:24Z","timestamp":1782892344013,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Approximately one-third of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is recognized in its metastatic stage. This systematic review aimed to summarize knowledge on the occurrence and treatment of testicular RCC metastasis. The literature search was performed by two authors independently, with the use of main electronic medical databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, and PubMed) until March 2023 to identify relevant articles that could potentially contribute to this review. Neither language nor publication dates were set as limits. Although we found a total of 51 case reports, only 31 of them contained all the required information. Testicular metastasis in patients with RCC suggests a late stage of the disease. Moreover, it usually does not present typical systemic or specific symptoms except for swelling and enlargement of the affected testis. Knowledge of the possibility of such variants of RCC metastases will allow a clinician to make an appropriate diagnosis and implement adequate treatment without delay, which is crucial in the management of neoplastic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12175636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T10:09:49Z","timestamp":1693390189000},"page":"5636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Testicular Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Pliszka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-315 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Rajda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-315 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8568-1770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Wawrzyniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-315 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Walocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College Cracow, 33-332 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Youthoria, Youth Research Organization, 33-332 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4146-4998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Polguj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3631-2295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Wysiadecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4901-6444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Golberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Zarzecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8706-1927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Balawender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-315 Rzeszow, Poland"},{"name":"Clinical Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Municipal Hospital in Rzeszow, 35-241 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.08.036","article-title":"Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"75","author":"Capitanio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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