{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T03:39:13Z","timestamp":1767065953504,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science\u2014\u201cRegional Initiative of Excellence\u201d\u2014spanning the period 2019\u20132023","award":["024\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["024\/RID\/2018\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Individual mobility deficit in older adults induces a variety of medical conditions, diminishing their functional capacity in pursuing activities of daily living. In immobility syndrome patients, such conditions are prone further deterioration through a drastically reduced scope of physical activity, owing mostly to poor self-motivation and the monotonous character of conventional rehabilitation regimens. As evidenced by published research, virtual reality technology solutions in rehabilitation management actually add significantly to patients\u2019 self-motivation, while promoting their active involvement in therapy through visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic stimuli. Effective rehabilitation training aided by virtual reality solutions helps patients acquire specific physical and cognitive skills to be subsequently emulated in the real-world environment. The extra added advantage lies in facilitating such training within patients\u2019 own home environments, combined with online monitoring of their progress, when not personally supervised by a physiotherapist, which also boosts the overall cost effectiveness of the therapeutic management itself. This narrative review appears to be the very first one principally focused on critically comparing individual immobilisation with immobility syndrome, especially through the application of the Authors\u2019 own substantial hands-on therapeutic experience in managing various rehabilitation schemes, specifically aided by diverse virtual reality technology solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12175675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T11:41:18Z","timestamp":1693482078000},"page":"5675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Rehabilitation in Older Adults Affected by Immobility Syndrome, Aided by Virtual Reality Technology: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0881-9232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Zak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Zeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Wasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Zeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Sikorski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Zeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Aleksandrowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Cha\u0142ubi\u0144skiego 3, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Miszczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pedagogy, Jan Kochanowski University, Zeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6918-714X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Courteix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1468-6029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederic","family":"Dutheil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine, CHU, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Januszko-Szakiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Studies, Faculty of Managment and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lojasiewicza 4, 30-348 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7955-3454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waldemar","family":"Brola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Zeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5114\/hm.2019.83529","article-title":"Virtual reality in medicine: A brief overview and future research directions","volume":"20","author":"Mazurek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Mov."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zak, M., Sikorski, T., Krupnik, S., Wasik, M., Grzanka, K., Courteix, D., Dutheil, F., and Brola, W. (2022). 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