{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:38Z","timestamp":1787028638483,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The surgical management of acute and chronic complex diseases involving the aortic arch and the descending thoracic aorta remains challenging. Hybrid procedures associating total open arch replacement and stent-grafting of the proximal descending aorta were developed to allow a potential single-stage treatment, promote remodeling of the downstream aorta, and facilitate a potential second-stage thoracic endovascular aortic repair by providing an ideal landing zone. While these approaches initially used various homemade combinations of available conventional prostheses and stent-grafts, the so-called frozen elephant trunk technique emerged with the development of several custom-made hybrid prostheses. The aim of this study was to review the contemporary outcomes of this technique in the management of complex aortic diseases, with a special focus on procedural planning, organ protection and monitoring, refinements in surgical techniques, and long-term follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12175693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T09:12:22Z","timestamp":1693559542000},"page":"5693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hybrid Treatment of Complex Diseases of the Aortic Arch and Descending Thoracic Aorta by Frozen Elephant Trunk Technique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7695-0844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Porterie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Hostalrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Dagenais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Marcheix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Chaufour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1912-900X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Baptiste","family":"Ricco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1020290","article-title":"Extensive Aortic Replacement using \u201cElephant Trunk\u201d Prosthesis","volume":"31","author":"Borst","year":"1983","journal-title":"Thorac. 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