{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T06:14:16Z","timestamp":1785651256638,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione AIRC","award":["26037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26037"]}]},{"name":"FIRC-AIRC fellowship for Italy","award":["26037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26037"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the results achieved with the evolution of conventional chemotherapy and the inclusion of targeted therapies in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), survival is still not satisfying, in particular in the setting of relapsed\/refractory (R\/R) disease or elderly\/unfit patients. Among the most innovative therapeutic options, cellular therapy has shown great results in different hematological malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphomas, with several products already approved for clinical use. However, despite the great interest in also expanding the application of these new treatments to R\/R AML, no product has been approved yet for clinical application. Furthermore, cellular therapy could indeed represent a powerful tool and an appealing alternative to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for ineligible patients. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the most recent clinical research exploring the effectiveness of cellular therapy in AML, moving from consolidated approaches such as post- transplant donor\u2019s lymphocytes infusion, to modern adoptive immunotherapies such as alloreactive NK cell infusions, engineered T and NK cells (CAR-T, CAR-NK) and novel platforms of T and NK cells engaging (i.e., BiTEs, DARTs and ANKETTM).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T10:09:50Z","timestamp":1694081390000},"page":"5824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Harnessing Immune Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Carola","family":"Riva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Vernarecci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Minetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1451-7214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rayan","family":"Goda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Greppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9798-4944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Pesce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Chies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Zecchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Maio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1530-6729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Cea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto Massimo","family":"Lemoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4103-7566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Marcenaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3166-6078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Guolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00425-3","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia: Current progress and future directions","volume":"11","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016867","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2022 recommendations from an international expert panel on behalf of the ELN","volume":"140","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-03-077974","article-title":"Graft-versus-leukemia effects of transplantation and donor 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