{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:39Z","timestamp":1787028639717,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Psychotic symptoms occur in more than half of patients affected by Bipolar Disorder (BD) and are associated with an unfavorable course of the disorder. The objective of this study is to identify the differences in the clinical and biochemical parameters between bipolar patients with or without psychotic symptoms. Methods: A total of 665 inpatients were recruited. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data related to the first day of hospitalization were obtained via a screening of the clinical charts and intranet hospital applications. The two groups identified via the lifetime presence of psychotic symptoms were compared using t tests for quantitative variables and \u03c72 tests for qualitative ones; binary logistic regression models were subsequently performed. Results: Patients with psychotic BD (compared to non-psychotic ones) showed a longer duration of hospitalization (p &lt; 0.001), higher Young Mania Rating Scale scores (p &lt; 0.001), lower Global Assessment of Functioning scores (p = 0.002), a less frequent history of lifetime suicide attempts (p = 0.019), less achievement of remission during the current hospitalization (p = 0.028), and a higher Neutrophile to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) (p = 0.006), but lower total cholesterol (p = 0.018) and triglycerides (p = 0.013). Conclusions: Patients with psychotic BD have a different clinical and biochemical profile compared to their counterparts, characterized by more clinical severity, fewer metabolic alterations, and a higher grade of inflammation. Further multi-center studies have to confirm the results of this present study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T03:54:06Z","timestamp":1694490846000},"page":"5902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Are There Any Differences in Clinical and Biochemical Variables between Bipolar Patients with or without Lifetime Psychotic Symptoms?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Esposito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Barkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6850-0958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ceresa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Nosari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Di Paolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Legnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Cirella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Professionals Department, Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Surace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Tagliabue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8350-499X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Capuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8493-0779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Caldiroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2328-3862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios","family":"Dakanalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4602-2032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Politi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Clerici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Monza, 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