{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:44:46Z","timestamp":1791236686374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myocardial bridging (MB) is a congenital coronary anomaly in which a segment of a coronary artery, most frequently the left anterior descending artery, deviates from its epicardial route by passing through the myocardium. The advent of cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA), equipped with its multiplane and three-dimensional functionalities, has notably enhanced the ability to identify MBs. Furthermore, novel post-processing methods have recently emerged to extract functional insights from anatomical evaluations. MB is generally considered a benign entity with very good survival rates; however, there is an increasing volume of evidence that certain MB characteristics may be associated with cardiovascular morbidity. This review is intended to depict the diagnostic and prognostic role of CCTA in the MB context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T10:09:22Z","timestamp":1694686162000},"page":"5949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Myocardial Bridging: Review on the Role of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4815-9427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Rovera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Civic Hospital of Chivasso, 10034 Chivasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Civic Hospital of Chivasso, 10034 Chivasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bisanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Civic Hospital of Chivasso, 10034 Chivasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"De Zan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, Utrecht University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Easter Piedmont, Maggiore della Carita\u2019 Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1718-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Guglielmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, Utrecht University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi203","article-title":"Myocardial bridging","volume":"26","author":"Alegria","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"359","article-title":"Dissertatio de vasis cordis propriis","volume":"2","author":"Reyman","year":"1737","journal-title":"Diss. Ina."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(51)90036-1","article-title":"The mural coronary","volume":"41","author":"Geiringer","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000038420.14867.7A","article-title":"Update on myocardial bridging","volume":"106","author":"Mohlenkamp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"87","article-title":"Evaluation of the morphological and clinical features of left anterior descending myocardial bridging with multi-detector computed tomography","volume":"18","author":"Altun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kardiochir Torakochirurgia Pol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"281","article-title":"Clinical Implication and Optimal Management of Myocardial Bridging: Role of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"12","author":"Hashikata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Interv. Cardiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S391","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.0307","article-title":"Detection of Myocardial Bridging with ECG-Gated MDCT and Multiplanar Reconstruction","volume":"186","author":"Kantarci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2006.08.029","article-title":"Detection of myocardial bridge and evaluation of its anatomical properties by coronary multislice spiral computed tomography","volume":"61","author":"Kawawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2463062071","article-title":"Myocardial bridging: Depiction rate and morphology at CT coronary angiography\u2014Comparison with conventional coronary angiography","volume":"246","author":"Leschka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.788901","article-title":"Frequency of myocardial bridges and dynamic compression of epicardial coronary arteries: A comparison between computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography","volume":"119","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(82)90500-2","article-title":"Clinical significance of isolated coronary bridges: Benign and frequent condition involving the left anterior descending artery","volume":"103","author":"Kramer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Thallium-201 myocardial SPECT in myocardial bridging","volume":"36","author":"Mouratidis","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMicm1050647","article-title":"Infarction Due to Myocardial Bridging","volume":"353","author":"Souibri","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060860","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction related to myocardial bridging","volume":"16","author":"Cottin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e141","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/70124548","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction in a young woman with normal coronary arteries and myocardial bridging","volume":"81","author":"Zeina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0679","article-title":"Anatomical Characteristics of Myocardial Bridge in Patients With Myocardial Infarction by Multi-Detector Computed Tomography","volume":"75","author":"Takamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuac047","article-title":"Myocardial bridging is significantly associated to myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries","volume":"11","author":"Matta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(78)90890-1","article-title":"Symptomatic myocardial bridging of coronary artery","volume":"41","author":"Faruqui","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017959827108","article-title":"Myocardial bridging: Does it cause sudden death?","volume":"6","author":"Gow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Card. Electrophysiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2011.10.015","article-title":"Myocardial bridging on coronary CTA: An innocent bystander or a culprit in myocardial infarction?","volume":"6","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Comput. Tomogr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2020.11.001","article-title":"SCCT 2021 Expert Consensus Document on Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography: A Report of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography","volume":"15","author":"Narula","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Comput. Tomogr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2016.10.002","article-title":"SCCT guidelines for the performance and acquisition of coronary computed tomographic angiography: A report of the society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidelines Committee: Endorsed by the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI)","volume":"10","author":"Abbara","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Comput. Tomogr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2009.11.004","article-title":"Clinical Application of CT Coronary Angiography: State of the Art","volume":"19","author":"Schuijf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.02.013","article-title":"Myocardial Bridges: Lessons in Clinical Coronary Pathophysiology","volume":"8","author":"Gould","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.820720","article-title":"Anatomic properties of myocardial bridge predisposing to myocardial infarction","volume":"120","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.01.049","article-title":"Myocardial bridging: Contemporary understanding of pathophysiology with implications for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies","volume":"63","author":"Corban","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32833b49cb","article-title":"Performance of electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy as compared with cardiac computed tomography: From the Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computer Assisted Tomography trial","volume":"28","author":"Ptaszek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1999.1661","article-title":"New signs characteristic of myocardial bridging demonstrated by intracoronary ultrasound and Doppler","volume":"20","author":"Ge","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.01.085","article-title":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in the presence of myocardial bridge causing myocardial infarction: An insight into mechanism","volume":"206","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.01.091","article-title":"Relationship between myocardial bridges and reduced coronary atherosclerosis in patients with angina pectoris","volume":"167","author":"Verhagen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.09.211","article-title":"Absence of adventitial vasa vasorum formation at the coronary segment with myocardial bridge\u2014An optical coherence tomography study","volume":"250","author":"Nishimiya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.02.082","article-title":"Do not miss the bridge","volume":"156","author":"Alsoufi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22629","article-title":"Characterization of the differential response of endothelial cells exposed to normal and elevated laminar shear stress","volume":"226","author":"White","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02768-7","article-title":"Symptomatic myocardial bridges: Overview of ischemic mechanisms and current diagnostic and treatment strategies","volume":"41","author":"Bourassa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-015-0825-5","article-title":"CT-based myocardial ischemia evaluation: Quantitative angiography, transluminal attenuation gradient, myocardial perfusion, and CT-derived fractional flow reserve","volume":"32","author":"Koo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.12.013","article-title":"Additional Value of Transluminal Attenuation Gradient in CT Angiography to Predict Hemodynamic Significance of Coronary Artery Stenosis","volume":"7","author":"Stuijfzand","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.109.854307","article-title":"Iodinated contrast opacification gradients in normal coronary arteries imaged with prospectively ECG-gated single heart beat 320-detector row computed tomography","volume":"3","author":"Steigner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2011.09.006","article-title":"Intracoronary Transluminal Attenuation Gradient in Coronary CT Angiography for Determining Coronary Artery Stenosis","volume":"4","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2017.18.4.655","article-title":"Assessment of Myocardial Bridge by Cardiac CT: Intracoronary Transluminal Attenuation Gradient Derived from Diastolic Phase Predicts Systolic Compression","volume":"18","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.09.002","article-title":"Noninvasive diagnosis of ischemia-causing coronary stenosis using CT angiography: Diagnostic value of transluminal attenuation gradient and fractional flow reserve computed from coronary CT angiography compared to invasively measured fractional flow reserve","volume":"5","author":"Yoon","year":"2012","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2019.08.026","article-title":"Diagnostic Performance of Machine Learning Based CT-FFR in Detecting Ischemia in Myocardial Bridging and Concomitant Proximal Atherosclerotic Disease","volume":"35","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e015772","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.015772","article-title":"Hemodynamic Change of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque After Statin Treatment: A Serial Follow-Up Study by Computed Tomography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2021.0043","article-title":"CT Fractional Flow Reserve for the Diagnosis of Myocardial Bridging-Related Ischemia: A Study Using Dynamic CT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging as a Reference Standard","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5811-6","article-title":"Fractional flow reserve derived from CCTA may have a prognostic role in myocardial bridging","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.01.018","article-title":"Machine Learning Using CT-FFR Predicts Proximal Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation Associated with LAD Myocardial Bridging","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13665","article-title":"Myocardial Bridging: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence","volume":"63","author":"Hostiuc","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.66.5.364","article-title":"Myocardial bridges: Morphological and functional aspects","volume":"66","author":"Ferreira","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.10.004","article-title":"Left anterior descending coronary artery myocardial bridging by multislice computed tomography: Correlation with clinical findings","volume":"73","author":"Jodocy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185116682380","article-title":"Measurements of myocardial bridges on computed tomography predict presence of clinical symptoms and outcomes of adverse heart events: A retrospective study in a large population from China","volume":"58","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.09.859","article-title":"Myocardial Bridging: Diagnosis, Functional Assessment, and Management: JACC State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"78","author":"Sternheim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.09.973","article-title":"Left Anterior Descending Artery Myocardial Bridging: A Clinical Approach","volume":"68","author":"Tarantini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.12101","article-title":"Results of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Myocardial Bridging of Left Anterior Descending Artery","volume":"28","author":"Bockeria","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Card. Surg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.01.081","article-title":"Surgical unroofing of hemodynamically significant myocardial bridges in a pediatric population","volume":"156","author":"Maeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.11.055","article-title":"Myocardial Bridge Bypass Graft: A Novel Surgical Procedure for Extensive Myocardial Bridges","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011062","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.121.011062","article-title":"Impact of Diastolic Vessel Restriction on Quality of Life in Symptomatic Myocardial Bridging Patients Treated With Surgical Unroofing: Preoperative Assessments with Intravascular Ultrasound and Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography","volume":"14","author":"Hashikata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.09.039","article-title":"The Prevalence and Anatomical Patterns of Intramuscular Coronary Arteries: A Coronary Computed Tomography Angiographic Study","volume":"49","author":"Konen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.07.054","article-title":"Comparison of Angiographic and Intravascular Ultrasonic Detection of Myocardial Bridging of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery","volume":"102","author":"Tsujita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H48","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suac059","article-title":"Myocardial bridge evaluation towards personalized medicine: Study design and preliminary results of the RIALTO registry","volume":"24","author":"Ciliberti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006247","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.006247","article-title":"Unmasking Myocardial Bridge\u2013Related Ischemia by Intracoronary Functional Evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Tarantini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e020597","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020597","article-title":"Functional Assessment of Myocardial Bridging with Conventional and Diastolic Fractional Flow Reserve: Vasodilator Versus Inotropic Provocation","volume":"10","author":"Aleksandric","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-17-0284","article-title":"Myocardial Bridges on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography\u2015Correlation with Intravascular Ultrasound and Fractional Flow Reserve","volume":"81","author":"Forsdahl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.5603\/KP.a2019.0041","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical presentation of myocardial bridge on the basis of the National Polish Percutaneous Interventions Registry and the Classification of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"77","author":"Podolec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kardiol. Polska"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000097","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000097","article-title":"A Novel Stress Echocardiography Pattern for Myocardial Bridge with Invasive Structural and Hemodynamic Correlation","volume":"2","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.02.006","article-title":"Accuracy of a novel stress echocardiography pattern for myocardial bridging in patients with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease\u2014A retrospective and prospective cohort study","volume":"311","author":"Pargaonkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2069","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Not the end but the end of the beginning","volume":"23","author":"Borovac","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/18\/5949\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:50:09Z","timestamp":1760129409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/18\/5949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12185949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12185949","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]}}}