{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:28:09Z","timestamp":1789446489020,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":232,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is well established that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are the cornerstone of anticoagulant strategy in atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) and should be preferred over vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) since they are superior or non-inferior to VKAs in reducing thromboembolic risk and are associated with a lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage (IH). In addition, many factors, such as fewer pharmacokinetic interactions and less need for monitoring, contribute to the favor of this therapeutic strategy. Although DOACs represent a more suitable option, several issues should be considered in clinical practice, including drug\u2013drug interactions (DDIs), switching to other antithrombotic therapies, preprocedural and postprocedural periods, and the use in patients with chronic renal and liver failure and in those with cancer. Furthermore, adherence to DOACs appears to remain suboptimal. This narrative review aims to provide a practical guide for DOAC prescription and address challenging scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T10:09:22Z","timestamp":1694686162000},"page":"5955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Management of Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Clinical Practice and Challenging Scenarios"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5369-5382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Luc\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, AO Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0237-7157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio Giuseppe","family":"Abrignani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Cardiology, P. Borsellino Hospital, 91025 Marsala, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8586-9930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania Angela","family":"Di Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Department, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, 00135 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0038-9445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Parrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Ospedale Mauriziano, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Laura","family":"Canale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Nuovo Ospedale Versilia Lido di Camaiore Lucca, 55049 Camaiore, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Giubilato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4311-2139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Cornara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arrhytmia Unit, Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Paolo, Azienda Sanitaria Locale 2, 17100 Savona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8995-3884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Nesti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo Massimiliano","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, AO Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3782-2852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Binaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, 09047 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2612-6264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Maloberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Ceravolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, 88046 Lamezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irma","family":"Bisceglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Cardiology Services, Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Rossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Ospedale Santa Croce e Carle, 12100 Cuneo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Luigi","family":"Temporelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 28010 Gattico-Veruno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Francesco","family":"Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Prevention and Ortokinesis Clinics of Lecce, 73043 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimondo","family":"Calvanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7746-989X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro","family":"Gelsomino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Riccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Sant\u2019Anna e San Sebastiano Hospital, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9347-8884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Grimaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, General Regional Hospital \u201cF. Miulli\u201d, 70021 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7187-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Furio","family":"Colivicchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Department, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, 00135 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele Massimo","family":"Gulizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007338","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007338","article-title":"Evidence gaps in the era of Non\u2013Vitamin K oral anticoagulants","volume":"7","author":"Aronis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.04.004","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulant agents: Pharmacologic profile, indications, coagulation monitoring, and reversal agents","volume":"27","author":"Rose","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e125","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000665","article-title":"2019 AHA\/ACC\/HRS focused update of the 2014 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society in collaboration with the Society of Thoracic Surgeons","volume":"140","author":"January","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC","volume":"42","author":"Hindricks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13566","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis options for the patient undergoing total hip and knee replacement: A network meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Kapoor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e034778","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034778","article-title":"Adherence to oral anticoagulants among patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"10","author":"Salmasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"e007956","article-title":"Drug Interactions Affecting Oral Anticoagulant Use","volume":"15","author":"Mar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e017559","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017559","article-title":"Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use: A Practical Guide to Common Clinical Challenges","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.12.068","article-title":"Select Drug-Drug Interactions With Direct Oral Anticoagulants: JACC Review Topic of the Week","volume":"75","author":"Wiggins","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-015-1310-7","article-title":"Guidance for the practical management of the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in VTE treatment","volume":"41","author":"Burnett","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-06-848747","article-title":"Drug-drug interactions in an era of multiple anticoagulants: A focus on clinically relevant drug interactions","volume":"132","author":"Vazquez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12075","article-title":"Co-administration of rivaroxaban with drugs that share its elimination pathways: Pharmacokinetic effects in healthy subjects","volume":"76","author":"Mueck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut083","article-title":"European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"15","author":"Heidbuchel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy136","article-title":"The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"39","author":"Steffel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.08.029","article-title":"Association between clusters of diseases and polypharmacy in hospitalized elderly patients: Results from the REPOSI study","volume":"22","author":"Nobili","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-015-0936-y","article-title":"Polypharmacy and major adverse events in atrial fibrillation: Observations from the AFFIRM trial","volume":"105","author":"Proietti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-2993-8","article-title":"Polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of bleeding in elderly patients with venous thromboembolism","volume":"30","author":"Leiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab065","article-title":"2021 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the Use of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"23","author":"Steffel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01183-0","article-title":"Clinical Management of Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions with Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs)","volume":"79","author":"Herink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-020-00879-x","article-title":"Drug-Drug Interactions with Direct Oral Anticoagulants","volume":"59","author":"Foerster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310907","article-title":"Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"369","author":"Giugliano","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanuri, S.H., and Kreutz, R.P. (2019). Pharmacogenomics of Novel Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Newly Identified Genes and Genetic Variants. J. Pers. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm9010007"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-017-1730-9","article-title":"From a direct oral anticoagulant to warfarin: Reasons why patients switch","volume":"187","author":"Barrett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab218","article-title":"2021 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation: Comment-Authors\u2019 reply","volume":"23","author":"Steffel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keller, C., Katz, R., Cushman, M., Fried, L.F., and Shlipak, M. (2008). Association of kidney function with inflammatory and procoagulant markers in a diverse cohort: A cross-sectional analysis from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). BMC Nephrol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-9-9"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1993.352","article-title":"Evidence for high risk of cerebral hemorrhage in chronic dialysis patients","volume":"44","author":"Iseki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000336107","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease predict higher risk of mortality in patients with primary upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"35","author":"Sood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luc\u00e0, F., Giubilato, S., Di Fusco, S.A., Piccioni, L., Rao, C.M., Iorio, A., Cipolletta, L., D\u2019Elia, E., Gelsomino, S., and Rossini, R. (2021). Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation Cardioversion: What Is Crucial to Take into Account. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153212"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23196","article-title":"Anticoagulation in chronic kidney disease: From guidelines to clinical practice","volume":"42","author":"Aursulesei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13599","article-title":"Safety of apixaban compared to warfarin in hemodialysis patients: Do antiplatelets make a difference?","volume":"106","author":"Ionescu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.12926","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of apixaban versus warfarin for acute venous thromboembolism in patients with end-stage kidney disease: A national cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Ellenbogen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13383","article-title":"Rivaroxaban versus apixaban in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with end-stage renal disease or receiving dialysis","volume":"104","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.1031","article-title":"Anticoagulation in Concomitant Chronic Kidney Disease and Atrial Fibrillation: JACC Review Topic of the Week","volume":"74","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"100844","article-title":"The change of renal functions after nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"35","author":"Chantrarat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol. Heart Vasc."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2015.1.243","article-title":"Coagulopathy in liver disease: A balancing act","volume":"2015","author":"Kujovich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-23205","article-title":"Coagulation disorders in liver disease","volume":"22","author":"Amitrano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.02.026","article-title":"Coagulation in Liver Disease: A Guide for the Clinician","volume":"11","author":"Northup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00588.x","article-title":"Coagulopathy does not fully protect hospitalized cirrhosis patients from peripheral venous thromboembolism","volume":"101","author":"Northup","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2177","article-title":"Coagulopathy does not protect against venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"137","author":"Dabbagh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905561","article-title":"Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"361","author":"Connolly","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107039","article-title":"Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"365","author":"Granger","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009638","article-title":"Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"365","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100222","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy in patients with liver disease: Population-based insights on variations in prescribing trends, adherence, persistence and impact on stroke and bleeding","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-013-0034-0","article-title":"Anticoagulant therapy with the oral direct factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban and the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate in patients with hepatic impairment","volume":"52","author":"Graff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.023","article-title":"Oral Anticoagulation in Patients With Liver Disease","volume":"71","author":"Qamar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060687","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Liver Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"147","author":"Lawal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563215599795","article-title":"Diluted thrombin time reliably measures low to intermediate plasma dabigatran concentrations","volume":"53","author":"Malovrh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1159\/000081506","article-title":"Ecarin chromogenic assay--a new method for quantitative determination of direct thrombin inhibitors like hirudin","volume":"33","author":"Lange","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pathophysiol. Haemost. Thromb."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029616629759","article-title":"Evaluation of a Heparin-Calibrated Antifactor Xa Assay for Measuring the Anticoagulant Effect of Oral Direct Xa Inhibitors","volume":"22","author":"Beyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1814051","article-title":"Full Study Report of Andexanet Alfa for Bleeding Associated with Factor Xa Inhibitors","volume":"380","author":"Connolly","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2016.11.025","article-title":"Idarucizumab for the Reversal of Dabigatran","volume":"69","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248420923528","article-title":"The Combination of Oral Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapies: Stay One Step Ahead","volume":"25","author":"Giubilato","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa575","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation","volume":"42","author":"Collet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2017.06.005","article-title":"Patients with atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease\u2013double trouble","volume":"63","author":"Michniewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e017212","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017212","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Double Antithrombotic Therapy with Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Capodanno","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.113.001150","article-title":"Management of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation in the setting of acute coronary syndromes or percutaneous coronary interventions","volume":"7","author":"Capodanno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.05.016","article-title":"Management of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing PCI: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"74","author":"Capodanno","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.057","article-title":"ACC\/AHA versus ESC guidelines on dual antiplatelet therapy: JACC guideline comparison","volume":"72","author":"Capodanno","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000000911","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome and atrial fibrillation: Real-world data from two nationwide registries in Italy","volume":"21","author":"Caretta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc Med. (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e041044","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041044","article-title":"Antithrombotic management of patients with acute coronary syndrome and atrial fibrillation undergoing coronary stenting: A prospective, observational, nationwide study","volume":"10","author":"Rubboli","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2019.1680637","article-title":"Bleeding after antiplatelet therapy for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes: A review of the evidence and evolving paradigms","volume":"18","author":"Buccheri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040167","article-title":"Defining high bleeding risk in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A consensus document from the Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk","volume":"140","author":"Urban","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euy174","article-title":"2018 Joint European consensus document on the management of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and\/or undergoing percutaneous cardiovascular interventions: A joint consensus document of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis, European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), and European Association of Acute Cardiac Care (ACCA) endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), Latin America Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), and Cardiac Arrhythmia Society of Southern Africa (CASSA)","volume":"21","author":"Lip","year":"2019","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz259","article-title":"Revisiting the effects of omitting aspirin in combined antithrombotic therapies for atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndromes or percutaneous coronary interventions: Meta-analysis of pooled data from the PIONEER AF-PCI, RE-DUAL PCI, and AUGUSTUS trials","volume":"22","author":"Potpara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3757","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz732","article-title":"Safety and efficacy outcomes of double vs. triple antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation following percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant-based randomized clinical trials","volume":"40","author":"Gargiulo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611594","article-title":"Prevention of bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing PCI","volume":"375","author":"Gibson","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1708454","article-title":"Dual antithrombotic therapy with dabigatran after PCI in atrial fibrillation","volume":"377","author":"Cannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1817083","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy after acute coronary syndrome or PCI in atrial fibrillation","volume":"380","author":"Lopes","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31872-0","article-title":"Edoxaban-based versus vitamin K antagonist-based antithrombotic regimen after successful coronary stenting in patients with atrial fibrillation (ENTRUST-AF PCI): A randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial","volume":"394","author":"Vranckx","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62177-1","article-title":"Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: An open-label, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"381","author":"Dewilde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2021.05.013","article-title":"Antithrombotic Therapy with or without Aspirin after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients Taking Oral Anticoagulation: A Meta-Analysis and Network Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"36","author":"Colleran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Revasc Med."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJV8I9A162","article-title":"A randomised study of dabigatran in elective percutaneous coronary intervention in stable coronary artery disease patients","volume":"8","author":"Vranckx","year":"2013","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"e14179","article-title":"Oral anticoagulation and outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction: Insights from the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry","volume":"75","author":"Tornyos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000000894","article-title":"Emerging clinical setting of direct oral anticoagulants: Atherothrombotic events prevention","volume":"21","author":"Gulizia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc Med. (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.055970","article-title":"Myocardial ischemic events in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with dabigatran or warfarin in the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) trial","volume":"125","author":"Hohnloser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319719874255","article-title":"Direct Anticoagulants and Risk of Myocardial Infarction, a Multiple Treatment Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"71","author":"Habon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.01.009","article-title":"Clinically Significant Pocket Hematoma Increases Long-Term Risk of Device Infection: BRUISE CONTROL INFECTION Study","volume":"67","author":"Essebag","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3973","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy413","article-title":"Continued vs. interrupted direct oral anticoagulants at the time of device surgery, in patients with moderate to high risk of arterial thrombo-embolic events (BRUISE CONTROL-2)","volume":"39","author":"Birnie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab364","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"42","author":"Glikson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euad057","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad057","article-title":"Impact of peri-procedural management of direct oral anticoagulants on pocket haematoma after cardiac electronic device implantation: The StimAOD multicentre prospective study","volume":"25","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.14091","article-title":"Continued versus interrupted direct oral anticoagulation for cardiac electronic device implantation: A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Mendoza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezr222","article-title":"Treatment of lone atrial fibrillation: A look at the past, a view of the present and a glance at the future","volume":"41","author":"Gelsomino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.05.017","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of major complications from contemporary catheter ablation to treat cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"8","author":"Bohnen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3346","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu367","article-title":"Rivaroxaban vs. vitamin K antagonists for cardioversion in atrial fibrillation","volume":"35","author":"Cappato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15893","article-title":"Ultrasound guidance for femoral venous access in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation: A quasi-randomized study","volume":"34","author":"Kupo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-019-00683-z","article-title":"Ultrasound guidance for femoral venous access in electrophysiology procedures-systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Pap","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Interv. Card. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.05.012","article-title":"2017 HRS\/EHRA\/ECAS\/APHRS\/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"14","author":"Calkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12445","article-title":"The Japanese Catheter Ablation Registry (J-AB): A prospective nationwide multicenter registry in Japan. Annual report in 2018","volume":"36","author":"Kusano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Arrhythm."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006426","article-title":"Periprocedural stroke and bleeding complications in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation with different anticoagulation management: Results from the Role of Coumadin in Preventing Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation (COMPARE) randomized trial","volume":"129","author":"Burkhardt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12928","article-title":"Apixaban versus Warfarin for the Prevention of Periprocedural Cerebral Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Multicenter Prospective Randomized Study","volume":"27","author":"Kuwahara","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1707247","article-title":"Uninterrupted Dabigatran versus Warfarin for Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"377","author":"Pareek","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.003","article-title":"Asymptomatic Cerebral Infarction During Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Comparing Uninterrupted Rivaroxaban and Warfarin (ASCERTAIN)","volume":"4","author":"Kimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.11.005","article-title":"A Prospective Randomized Trial of Apixaban Dosing During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: The AEIOU Trial","volume":"4","author":"Reynolds","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2942","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy176","article-title":"Apixaban in patients at risk of stroke undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation","volume":"39","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa199","article-title":"Periprocedural anticoagulation in the uninterrupted edoxaban vs. vitamin K antagonists for ablation of atrial fibrillation (ELIMINATE-AF) trial","volume":"23","author":"Hohnloser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv177","article-title":"Uninterrupted rivaroxaban vs. uninterrupted vitamin K antagonists for catheter ablation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"36","author":"Cappato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw368","article-title":"Rationale and design of AXAFA-AFNET 5: An investigator-initiated, randomized, open, blinded outcome assessment, multi-centre trial to comparing continuous apixaban to vitamin K antagonists in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation catheter ablation","volume":"19","author":"Callans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12507","article-title":"Outcomes of uninterrupted vs interrupted Periprocedural direct oral Anticoagulants in atrial Fibrillation ablation: A meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Khanra","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Arrhythm."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.10.002","article-title":"RE-CIRCUIT study-randomized evaluation of Dabigatran etexilate compared to warfarin in pulmonary vein ablation: Assessment of an uninterrupted periprocedural anticoagulation strategy","volume":"115","author":"Calkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz190","article-title":"Uninterrupted edoxaban vs. vitamin K antagonists for ablation of atrial fibrillation: The ELIMINATE-AF trial","volume":"40","author":"Hohnloser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-22-0290","article-title":"Real-World Investigation on Anticoagulation Management Before and After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Japan\u2014Periprocedural and Long-Term Outcomes","volume":"87","author":"Nogami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akagi, Y., Iketaki, A., Nakamura, R., Yamamura, S., Endo, M., Morikawa, K., Oikawa, S., Ohta, T., Tatsumi, S., and Suzuki, T. (2021). Association between Cerebral Infarction Risk and Medication Adherence in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants. Healthcare, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9101313"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moula, A.I., Parrini, I., Tetta, C., Luc\u00e0, F., Parise, G., Rao, C.M., Mauro, E., Parise, O., Matteucci, F., and Gulizia, M.M. (2022). Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Atrial Fibrillation. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051242"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.07.025","article-title":"Perioperative Management of Antithrombotic Therapy: An American College of Chest Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"162","author":"Douketis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.05.061","article-title":"Major bleeding with old and novel oral anticoagulants: How to manage it. Focus on general measures","volume":"268","author":"Benvenuto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.05.060","article-title":"Major bleeding with old and novel oral anticoagulants: How to manage it. Focus on reversal agents","volume":"268","author":"Benvenuto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13227","article-title":"When and how to use antidotes for the reversal of direct oral anticoagulants: Guidance from the SSC of the ISTH","volume":"14","author":"Levy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707278","article-title":"Idarucizumab for Dabigatran Reversal\u2014Full Cohort Analysis","volume":"377","author":"Pollack","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041687","article-title":"Specific Antidotes for Direct Oral Anticoagulant Reversal: Case Closed or Cold Case?","volume":"140","author":"Godier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017007112","article-title":"Safety, pharmacokinetics, and reversal of apixaban anticoagulation with andexanet alfa","volume":"1","author":"Siegal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.04.061","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of Reversal Agents for Severe Bleeding Associated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants","volume":"77","author":"Alcubilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"1455","article-title":"Management of antithrombotic therapy after bleeding in patients with coronary artery disease and\/or atrial fibrillation: Expert consensus paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis","volume":"38","author":"Halvorsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.2431","article-title":"Perioperative Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving a Direct Oral Anticoagulant","volume":"179","author":"Douketis","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1160\/TH14-04-0305","article-title":"Perioperative bridging anticoagulation during dabigatran or warfarin interruption among patients who had an elective surgery or procedure. Substudy of the RE-LY trial","volume":"113","author":"Douketis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx314","article-title":"2017 EACTS Guidelines on perioperative medication in adult cardiac surgery","volume":"53","author":"Head","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3520","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002335","article-title":"Predictors of preprocedural direct oral anticoagulant levels in patients having an elective surgery or procedure","volume":"4","author":"Shaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33470","article-title":"Thromboembolism, mortality, and bleeding in 2,435,541 atrial fibrillation patients with and without cancer: A nationwide cohort study","volume":"127","author":"Pastori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac244","article-title":"2022 ESC Guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS)","volume":"43","author":"Lyon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parrini, I., Luc\u00e0, F., Rao, C.M., Parise, G., Micali, L.R., Musumeci, G., La Meir, M., Colivicchi, F., Gulizia, M.M., and Gelsomino, S. (2022). Superiority of Direct Oral Anticoagulants over Vitamin K Antagonists in Oncological Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis of Efficacy and Safety Outcomes. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195712"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mauro, E., Luc\u00e0, F., Tetta, C., Parise, O., Parrini, I., Parise, G., Rao, C.M., Matteucci, F., Micali, L.R., and Gulizia, M.M. (2022). Breast Cancer and Atrial Fibrillation. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051417"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766377","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.766377","article-title":"Effectiveness and Safety of DOACs vs. VKAs in AF Patients With Cancer: Evidence from Randomized Clinical Trials and Observational Studies","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2022.07.004","article-title":"Outcomes by Class of Anticoagulant Use for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Active Cancer","volume":"4","author":"Potter","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC CardioOncol"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008987","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008987","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Edoxaban in Patients with Active Malignancy and Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis of the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Trial","volume":"7","author":"Fanola","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcy040","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and a history of cancer: Observations from ROCKET AF","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Qual. Care Clin. Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.06.026","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban Versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and a History of Cancer: Insights from the ARISTOTLE Trial","volume":"130","author":"Melloni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"706","article-title":"Superior safety of direct oral anticoagulants compared to Warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and underlying cancer: A national veterans affairs database study","volume":"16","author":"Sawant","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017010694","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin in patients with cancer and atrial fibrillation","volume":"2","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2021.06.004","article-title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Anticoagulants Among Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients with Active Cancer","volume":"3","author":"Deitelzweig","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC CardioOncol"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.36468","article-title":"Novel Oral Anticoagulant versus Warfarin in Cancer Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: An 8-Year Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012540","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012540","article-title":"Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Patients with Cancer and Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2020.06.001","article-title":"Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Active Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Sabatino","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC CardioOncol"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ameri, P., Alings, M., Colivicchi, F., Collins, R., De Luca, L., Di Nisio, M., Fabbri, G., Gabrielli, D., Janssens, S., and Maggioni, A.P. (2022). Baseline characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation and cancer enrolled in the BLITZ-AF Cancer registry. Eur. Heart J., 43.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac544.525"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7079","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4241","article-title":"Mortality associated with the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in cancer patients: Dabigatran versus rivaroxaban","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2679","article-title":"Use of oral anticoagulants among individuals with cancer and atrial fibrillation in the United States, 2010\u20132016","volume":"42","author":"Ardeshirrouhanifard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa054","article-title":"Anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation and active cancer: An international survey on patient management","volume":"28","author":"Boriani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.017","article-title":"Anticoagulation Strategies in Patients with Cancer: JACC Review Topic of the Week","volume":"73","author":"Mosarla","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076029620936325","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029620936325","article-title":"Drug-Drug Interactions of 257 Antineoplastic and Supportive Care Agents with 7 Anticoagulants: A Comprehensive Review of Interactions and Mechanisms","volume":"26","author":"Takahashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luc\u00e0, F., Parrini, I., Abrignani, M.G., Rao, C.M., Piccioni, L., Di Fusco, S.A., Ceravolo, R., Bisceglia, I., Riccio, C., and Gelsomino, S. (2022). Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Cancer Patients: It\u2019s High Time We Dealt with It. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071792"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.03.010","article-title":"Chronic atrial fibrillation: Incidence, prevalence, and prediction of stroke using the Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age > 75, Diabetes mellitus, and prior Stroke or transient ischemic attack (CHADS2) risk stratification scheme","volume":"156","author":"Rietbrock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_140","first-page":"100380","article-title":"Remote monitoring: Doomed to let down or an attractive promise?","volume":"24","author":"Cipolletta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol. Heart Vasc."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62343-0","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"383","author":"Ruff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061618","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1061618","article-title":"Management of oral anticoagulant therapy after intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"10","author":"Colivicchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.004747","article-title":"Risk of bleeding with 2 doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin in older and younger patients with atrial fibrillation: An analysis of the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy (RE-LY) trial","volume":"123","author":"Eikelboom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-022-01231-x","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and History of Falls or Risk of Falls: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis","volume":"45","author":"Galvain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.034","article-title":"Edoxaban Versus Warfarin in Atrial Fibrillation Patients at Risk of Falling: ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Analysis","volume":"68","author":"Steffel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.10.036","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes and History of Fall in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Oral Anticoagulation: Insights from the ARISTOTLE Trial","volume":"131","author":"Rao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13323","article-title":"Use of the direct oral anticoagulants in obese patients: Guidance from the SSC of the ISTH","volume":"14","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716540","article-title":"Edoxaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation at the Extremes of Body Weight: An Analysis from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Trial","volume":"121","author":"Boriani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13701","article-title":"Association of body weight with efficacy and safety outcomes in phase III randomized controlled trials of direct oral anticoagulants: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Boonyawat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2021.02.002","article-title":"Outcomes of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Across Different Body Mass Index Categories","volume":"7","author":"Barakat","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deitelzweig, S., Keshishian, A., Kang, A., Dhamane, A.D., Luo, X., Li, X., Balachander, N., Rosenblatt, L., Mardekian, J., and Pan, X. (2020). Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Anticoagulants among NVAF Patients with Obesity: Insights from the ARISTOPHANES Study. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061633"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2021.1901223","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban versus warfarin among non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with obesity in a US population","volume":"37","author":"Berger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy066","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy and body mass: An expert position paper of the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis","volume":"39","author":"Rocca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.04.004","article-title":"Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulant Choice for Stroke Prevention in Obese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"37","author":"Brar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716753","article-title":"Direct Oral Anticoagulant Dosing in Extremes of Body Weight: Time to Revisit the Guidelines?","volume":"121","author":"Pandey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-021-00470-0","article-title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Weighing \u2265 120 Kilograms versus 60\u2013120 Kilograms","volume":"21","author":"Wiethorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiovasc. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mocini, D., Di Fusco, S.A., Mocini, E., Donini, L.M., Lavalle, C., Di Lenarda, A., Riccio, C., Caldarola, P., De Luca, L., and Gulizia, M.M. (2021). Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation: Position Paper of Italian National Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO). J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10184185"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1693516","article-title":"Improved Population-Based Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation by Compliance with the Simple ABC (Atrial Fibrillation Better Care) Pathway for Integrated Care Management: A Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"119","author":"Yoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv202","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in patients with cardiac rhythm disturbances or implantable electrical devices: Clinical significance and implications for decision making-a position paper of the European Heart Rhythm Association endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society","volume":"17","author":"Boriani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-018-1857-3","article-title":"Variations in clinical management of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation according to different equations for estimating renal function: Post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort","volume":"13","author":"Malavasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.07.040","article-title":"Antithrombotic Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report","volume":"154","author":"Lip","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.005","article-title":"Assessing the Impact of Medication Adherence on Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes","volume":"68","author":"Bansilal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivt522","article-title":"Guideline adherence in antithrombotic treatment after concomitant ablation surgery in atrial fibrillation patients","volume":"18","author":"Gelsomino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1160\/TH16-10-0757","article-title":"Adherence to oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. Focus on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants","volume":"117","author":"Raparelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00961","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.961","article-title":"Association of income and educational levels with adherence to direct oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with incident atrial fibrillation: A Finnish nationwide cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Teppo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2022.2085963","article-title":"Impact of minor bleeds on confidence in anticoagulation therapy, adherence to treatment and quality of life in patients using a non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant for atrial fibrillation","volume":"38","author":"Mitrovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S131157","article-title":"Assessment of quality of life, satisfaction with anticoagulation therapy, and adherence to treatment in patients receiving long-course vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants for venous thromboembolism","volume":"11","author":"Keita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Patient Prefer. Adherence"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S148697","article-title":"Comparison of claims vs patient-reported adherence measures and associated outcomes among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation using oral anticoagulant therapy","volume":"12","author":"Stephenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Patient Prefer. Adherence"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e029974","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029974","article-title":"Anticoagulation adherence and its associated factors in patients with atrial fibrillation: A cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s40119-019-00146-6","article-title":"Patient-Reported Satisfaction and Study Drug Discontinuation: Post-Hoc Analysis of Findings from ROCKET AF","volume":"8","author":"Ungar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S131158","article-title":"Real-life experience of quality of life, treatment satisfaction, and adherence in patients receiving oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation","volume":"12","author":"Benzimra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Patient Prefer. Adherence"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-016-0459-2","article-title":"Does sinus rhythm conversion after cardiac surgery affect postoperative health- related quality of life?","volume":"11","author":"Parise","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s40801-022-00317-3","article-title":"Increased Risk of Stroke Due to Non-adherence and Non-persistence with Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs): Real-World Analyses Using a Nested Case-Control Study from The Netherlands, Italy and Germany","volume":"9","author":"Holthuis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs Real. World Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2017.1391760","article-title":"Real world adherence to oral anticoagulant in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients in China","volume":"34","author":"Xiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2020.06.016","article-title":"Association of conflicting information from healthcare providers and poor shared decision making with suboptimal adherence in direct oral anticoagulant treatment: A cross-sectional study in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"104","author":"Moudallel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Patient Educ. Couns."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz273","article-title":"The optimal drug adherence to maximize the efficacy and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant in real-world atrial fibrillation patients","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2021.02.007","article-title":"Current status of oral anticoagulant adherence in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: A claims database analysis","volume":"78","author":"Yagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.08.032","article-title":"Adherence to dabigatran and the influence of dabigatran-induced gastrointestinal discomfort in the real-world practice","volume":"323","author":"Hwang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f72","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvaa017","article-title":"Long-term persistence and adherence with non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and their associations with stroke risk","volume":"7","author":"Komen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e021601","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021601","article-title":"Long-Term Medication Adherence Trajectories to Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"10","author":"An","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12316","article-title":"Self-reported therapy adherence and predictors for nonadherence in patients who switched from vitamin K antagonists to direct oral anticoagulants","volume":"4","author":"Toorop","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Pract. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2017.12.021","article-title":"Exploration of adherence and patient experiences with DOACs one year after switching from vitamin-K antagonists- insights from the switching study","volume":"162","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2017-0034","article-title":"Type and doses of oral anticoagulants and adherence to anticoagulant treatment in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: The ESPARTA study","volume":"7","author":"Mostaza","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Comp. Eff. Res."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13780","article-title":"Adherence, knowledge, and perception about oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation at high risk for thromboembolic events after radiofrequency ablation","volume":"74","author":"Smet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/14017431.2019.1709657","article-title":"Adherence to oral anticoagulant treatment and risk factor assessment six months after DC-conversion of atrial fibrillation","volume":"54","author":"Kjekshus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand. Cardiovasc. J."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.06.002","article-title":"Oral anticoagulant adherence and switching in patients with atrial fibrillation: A prospective observational study","volume":"18","author":"Salmasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Soc. Adm. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2350","article-title":"Oral Anticoagulant Prescription Trends, Profile Use, and Determinants of Adherence in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"40","author":"Perreault","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.09.1370","article-title":"Longitudinal Oral Anticoagulant Adherence Trajectories in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"78","author":"Salmasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_189","first-page":"440","article-title":"Primary Nonadherence to Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Real-World Data from a Population-Based Cohort","volume":"24","author":"Hurtado","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manag. Care Spec. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12261","article-title":"Persistence of oral anticoagulant treatment for atrial fibrillation in the Netherlands: A surveillance study","volume":"4","author":"Zielinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Pract. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_191","first-page":"580","article-title":"Adherence to Oral Anticoagulant Medications","volume":"23","author":"Shani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Isr. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2020.31727","article-title":"Real-world adherence to oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation","volume":"161","author":"Simonyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orv. Hetil."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2017.415","article-title":"A prospective survey of the persistence of warfarin or NOAC in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: A COmparison study of Drugs for symptom control and complication prEvention of Atrial Fibrillation (CODE-AF)","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-019-01331-x","article-title":"First report of a comparative patient-oriented perspective on the use of non-vitamin-K oral anticoagulants or vitamin-K antagonists in atrial fibrillation: Patients\u2019 experiences, side-effects and practical problems leading to non-adherence","volume":"27","author":"Bennaghmouch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neth. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315307","article-title":"Adherence and persistence to direct oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation: A population-based study","volume":"106","author":"Banerjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15153","article-title":"Anticoagulant medication adherence for cancer-associated thrombosis: A comparison of LMWH to DOACs","volume":"19","author":"Schaefer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-019-01986-8","article-title":"Medication adherence to rivaroxaban and dabigatran in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Prentice","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.07.793","article-title":"Persistence with Dabigatran Therapy at 2 Years in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"70","author":"Paquette","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1097\/jnr.0000000000000374","article-title":"Discrepancy Among Self-Reported Adherence, Prescription Refills, and Actual Anticoagulant Control","volume":"28","author":"Chiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248418770201","article-title":"Adherence to Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation: An Australian Survey","volume":"23","author":"Obamiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.03.003","article-title":"Patients\u2019 adherence to oral anticoagulants therapy: Comparison between vitamin K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants","volume":"333","author":"Barcellona","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luc\u00e0, F., Abrignani, M.G., Parrini, I., Di Fusco, S.A., Giubilato, S., Rao, C.M., Piccioni, L., Cipolletta, L., Passaretti, B., and Giallauria, F. (2022). Update on Management of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051176"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-022-01417-4","article-title":"Group based trajectory modeling to assess adherence to oral anticoagulants among atrial fibrillation patients with comorbidities: A retrospective study","volume":"44","author":"Mohan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2021.11.003","article-title":"Long-term adherence to direct acting oral anticoagulants and the influence of health beliefs after switching from vitamin-K antagonists: Findings from the Switching Study","volume":"208","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021127","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1021127","article-title":"Analysis of Influencing Factors of Compliance with Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Correlation with the Severity of Ischemic Stroke","volume":"2021","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_206","first-page":"430","article-title":"Real-World Health Care Costs Based on Medication Adherence and Risk of Stroke and Bleeding in Patients Treated with Novel Anticoagulant Therapy","volume":"24","author":"Deshpande","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manag. Care Spec. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000650","article-title":"Examining Adherence to Medication in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: The Role of Medication Beliefs, Attitudes, and Depression","volume":"35","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-018-1679-1","article-title":"Predictors of self-reported adherence to direct oral anticoagulation in a population of elderly men and women with non-valvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"46","author":"Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2021.10.025","article-title":"Reasons for non-adherence to thromboprophylaxis prescribing guidelines in atrial fibrillation in Western Australia: A qualitative descriptive study of general practitioners\u2019 views","volume":"208","author":"Gebreyohannes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.12.010","article-title":"Non-warfarin oral anticoagulant copayments and adherence in atrial fibrillation: A population-based cohort study","volume":"233","author":"Rome","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161116666180123111949","article-title":"Patient Adherence to Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation and Occurrence of Associated Bleeding Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Shehab","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2019.04.023","article-title":"Differences between patient-driven adherence to vitamin K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants. Do few missed doses matter? ACO-MEMS Study","volume":"179","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.18549\/PharmPract.2020.2.1860","article-title":"Evaluation of risk factors and drug adherence in the occurrence of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"18","author":"Ajrouche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharm Pract. (Granada)"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.09.019","article-title":"Adequate Adherence to Direct Oral Anticoagulant is Associated with Reduced Ischemic Stroke Severity in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"28","author":"Yamashiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s40801-022-00311-9","article-title":"Impact of Medication Adherence on the Association Between Oral Anticoagulant Use and Risk of Dementia: A Retrospective Cohort Study using the Japanese Claims Database","volume":"9","author":"Komatsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs Real. World Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1702231","article-title":"The Compelling Issue of Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Adherence in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A Systematic Need for New Strategies","volume":"120","author":"Proietti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e023048","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023048","article-title":"Effect of Shared Decision-Making for Stroke Prevention on Treatment Adherence and Safety Outcomes in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"11","author":"Noseworthy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_218","first-page":"7","article-title":"Assessment of a Pharmacist-Led Direct Oral Anticoagulant Monitoring Clinic","volume":"74","author":"Bonsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.849237","article-title":"Non-compliance and inertia in hypertensive Spaniards at high cardiovascular risk: CUMPLE study","volume":"30","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooaa007","article-title":"Medication adherence for atrial fibrillation patients: Triangulating measures from a smart pill bottle, e-prescribing software, and patient communication through the electronic health record","volume":"3","author":"Toscos","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMIA Open"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2017.07.034","article-title":"New digital adherence devices could prevent millions of strokes from atrial fibrillation by the end of the next century","volume":"108","author":"Boehme","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001024","article-title":"Comparison of subjective and objective adherence measures for preexposure prophylaxis against HIV infection among serodiscordant couples in East Africa","volume":"30","author":"Musinguzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125314566807","article-title":"Use of automated medication adherence monitoring in bipolar disorder research: Pitfalls, pragmatics, and possibilities","volume":"5","author":"Levin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.9745\/GHSP-D-16-00018","article-title":"mHealth for Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence: A Framework to Guide Ethical Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation","volume":"4","author":"DiStefano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Health Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-015-0316-1","article-title":"Desirability and feasibility of wireless electronic monitoring of medications in clinical trials","volume":"5","author":"Robiner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056355","article-title":"Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Patient-Level Network Meta-Analyses of Randomized Clinical Trials with Interaction Testing by Age and Sex","volume":"145","author":"Carnicelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32439-9","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulants: Evidence and unresolved issues","volume":"396","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2021.02.019","article-title":"Evidence and Recommendations for Uninterrupted Versus Interrupted Oral Anticoagulation in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention","volume":"14","author":"Capranzano","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280221077158","article-title":"Observed Apixaban Anti-Xa Levels in Obese Patients","volume":"56","author":"Harkness","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(22)01043-9","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness and safety of doac versus warfarin among obese with atrial fibrillation","volume":"79","author":"Proulx","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wa\u0144kowicz, P., Staszewski, J., D\u0119biec, A., Nowakowska-Kotas, M., Szyli\u0144ska, A., and Rotter, I. (2021). Ischemic Stroke Risk Factors in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with New Oral Anticoagulants. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061223"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17508-6","article-title":"Local Production of Activated Factor X in Atherosclerotic Plaque Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence","volume":"7","author":"Sanada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/18\/5955\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:50:24Z","timestamp":1760129424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/18\/5955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"references-count":232,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12185955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12185955","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]}}}