{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:35:24Z","timestamp":1790271324121,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0052045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0052045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Diabetes-induced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common but difficult to correctly diagnose and manage. We used multi-segmental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate structural and functional GI parameters in diabetic patients and to study the association with their symptomatic presentation. Methods: Eighty-six participants (46 with diabetes and GI symptoms, 40 healthy controls) underwent baseline and post-meal MRI scans at multiple timepoints. Questionnaires were collected at inclusion and following the scans. Data were collected from the stomach, small bowel, and colon. Associations between symptoms and collected data were explored. Utilizing machine learning, we determined which features differentiated the two groups the most. Key Results: The patient group reported more symptoms at inclusion and during MRI scans. They showed 34% higher stomach volume at baseline, 40% larger small bowel volume, 30% smaller colon volume, and less small bowel motility postprandially. They also showed positive associations between gastric volume and satiety scores, gastric emptying time and reflux scores, and small bowel motility and constipation scores. No differences in gastric emptying were observed. Small bowel volume and motility were used as inputs to a classification tool that separated patients and controls with 76% accuracy. Conclusions: In this work, we studied structural and functional differences between patients with diabetes and GI symptoms and healthy controls and observed differences in stomach, small bowel, and colon volumes, as well as an adynamic small bowel in patients with diabetes and GI symptoms. Associations between recorded parameters and perceived symptoms were also explored and discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T04:06:13Z","timestamp":1694750773000},"page":"5968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["MRI-Based Quantification of Pan-Alimentary Function and Motility in Subjects with Diabetes and Gastrointestinal Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1598-9053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Bertoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, M\u00f8lleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4176-7430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esben Bolvig","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, M\u00f8lleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghua","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, M\u00f8lleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2659-4313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina","family":"Okdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, M\u00f8lleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Nauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, M\u00f8lleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6325-6105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise Hostrup","family":"Daugberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, M\u00f8lleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, M\u00f8lleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, M\u00f8lleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitte","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2495-5034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip Krag","family":"Knop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Krogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, M\u00f8lleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8722-0070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Br\u00f8ndum Fr\u00f8kj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, M\u00f8lleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asbj\u00f8rn Mohr","family":"Drewes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, M\u00f8lleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, M\u00f8lleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/67961","article-title":"Gastrointestinal complications in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"27","author":"Zawada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. 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