{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:29:47Z","timestamp":1760149787545,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the neonatal outcomes of fetuses with diagnosed functional cardiovascular abnormalities, also considering the connection with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Materials and Methods: It was an observational study of 100 neonates who had fetal echocardiography examinations in the third trimester (mean gestational age during the last echocardiography was 34 \u00b1 3 weeks and mean birth weight was 3550 g). There were two groups: A: normal heart anatomy + no functional anomalies; group B: normal heart anatomy + functional abnormalities. Hyperbilirubinemia was defined as a bilirubin level of &gt;10 mg%. Results: In group A, there were 72 cases and only 5 cases despite having normal heart anatomy and normal heart study that presented additional problems. In group B (28 cases), the prenatal functional findings included tricuspid regurgitation (TR) (15 cases, 53%), pericardial effusion (4 cases, 14%), myocardial hypertrophy (4 cases, 14%), cardiomegaly (2 cases, 7%), abnormal bidirectional blood flow across the foramen ovale (3 cases, 11%), aneurysm of atrial septum (2 case, 7%), abnormal E\/A ratio for mitral and tricuspid valve (1 case, 3%), bright spot (3 case, 11%), abnormal Doppler flow in ductus arteriosus compared to aortic arch (difference &gt;60 cm\/s) (1 case, 3%), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) (1 case), and mitral regurgitation (1 case, 3%). In group A (n = 72 cases), bilirubin levels of &gt;10 mg\/dL were observed in 8% of newborns. In group B (n = 28), bilirubin levels of &gt; 10 m\/dL were observed in 46% of cases and TR was present in group B in 53% of cases (15\/28 cases). The difference between group A and B in terms of elevated bilirubin levels was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: In the case of fetal normal heart anatomy and normal heart study, a good neonatal outcome may be expected. When fetal cardiovascular functional abnormalities in normal heart anatomy are detected, with special attention paid to tricuspid valve regurgitation, a neonatal elevated bilirubin level (mean 11 mg\/dL, range 10\u201315 mg\/dL) may be expected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12186021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T23:32:27Z","timestamp":1694993547000},"page":"6021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fetal Third-Trimester Functional Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Neonatal Elevated Bilirubin Level"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0238-2172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Respondek-Liberska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fetal Malformations Diagnosis and Prevention, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 90-419 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oskar","family":"Sylwestrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8266-4585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Murlewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0141ucja","family":"Bia\u0142y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Prenatal Cardiology Scientific Group, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 92-213 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Krekora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Tadros-Zins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Gulczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Intensive Therapy and Neonatal Pathology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3469-7064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Strzelecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fetal Malformations Diagnosis and Prevention, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 90-419 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Prenatal Cardiology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.33963\/KP.a2022.0159","article-title":"Fetal echocardiography is not only used to detect congenital heart disease but also to monitor fetuses, especially those with different pathologies","volume":"80","author":"Sylwestrzak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kardiol. 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