{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:07:27Z","timestamp":1792789647646,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82374244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374244"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22010"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Hospital Association 2022 Young Pharmacist Research Special Fund Project","award":["82374244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374244"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Hospital Association 2022 Young Pharmacist Research Special Fund Project","award":["22010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Febuxostat and allopurinol are the most commonly used uric acid-lowering medications, and their safety is of great concern, especially the cardiovascular adverse reactions associated with febuxostat. We propose to study the cardiovascular toxicity of febuxostat and allopurinol using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Methods: A total of 64 quarters of FAERS data were downloaded from 2004 to 2019. Febuxostat- and allopurinol-related cardiovascular adverse events were extracted after data cleaning. Signal detection was conducted by reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR). Results: There were 2939 and 25,219 reports of febuxostat- and allopurinol-related cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs), respectively. The most frequent CVAEs with febuxostat and allopurinol were edema peripheral (14.38%) and peripheral swelling (8.76%), respectively. In elderly gout patients, febuxostat is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy. Febuxostat in combination with acetic acid derivatives nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDS) also increases the risk of cardiovascular adverse events. Conclusions: Compared with allopurinol, febuxostat may increase cardiovascular toxicity in patients with gout.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12186089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T22:38:45Z","timestamp":1695249525000},"page":"6089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Cardiovascular Safety Evaluation of Febuxostat and Allopurinol: Findings from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1690-2132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5313-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangwen","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenwei","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0399-9368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiejun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00569-9","article-title":"Gout","volume":"397","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41247","article-title":"2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout","volume":"72","author":"FitzGerald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.12.004","article-title":"Allopurinol as a therapeutic option in cardiovascular disease","volume":"172","author":"Okafor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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