{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:52:09Z","timestamp":1792133529694,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The function of the kidney is tightly linked to the function of the heart. Dysfunction\/disease of the kidney may initiate, accentuate, or precipitate of the cardiac dysfunction\/disease and vice versa, contributing to a negative spiral. Further, the reciprocal association between the heart and the kidney may occur on top of other entities, usually diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, simultaneously affecting the two organs. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can influence cardiac function through altered hemodynamics and salt and water retention, leading to venous congestion and therefore, not surprisingly, to heart failure (HF). Management of HF in CKD is challenging due to several factors, including complex interplays between these two conditions, the effect of kidney dysfunction on the metabolism of HF medications, the effect of HF medications on kidney function, and the high risk for anemia and hyperkalemia. As a result, in most HF trials, patients with severe renal impairment (i.e., eGFR 30 mL\/min\/1.73 m2 or less) are excluded. The present review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and current medical management in patients with HF developing in the context of CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12186105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T21:16:49Z","timestamp":1695331009000},"page":"6105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9439-3946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Xanthopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adamantia","family":"Papamichail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amyloidosis Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5740-9670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Briasoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amyloidosis Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Loritis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amyloidosis Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeliki","family":"Bourazana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios E.","family":"Magouliotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Quality Improvement, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9174-4018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pantelis","family":"Sarafidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5515-8089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Stefanidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7159-2478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Skoularigis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6433-4016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippos","family":"Triposkiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.600","article-title":"Reframing the association and significance of co-morbidities in heart failure","volume":"18","author":"Triposkiadis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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