{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T23:21:25Z","timestamp":1788045685048,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uterine Adenomyosis is a benign condition characterized by the presence of endometrium-like epithelial and stromal tissue in the myometrium. Several medical treatments have been proposed, but still, no guidelines directing the management of adenomyosis are available. While a hysterectomy is typically regarded as the definitive treatment for adenomyosis, the scarcity of high-quality data leaves patients desiring fertility with limited conservative options. Based on the available data, the levonorgestrel-IUD appears to offer the most favorable outcomes. Other treatments, including GnRH antagonists, dienogest, prolactin, and oxytocin modulators, show promise; however, further data are required to establish their efficacy definitively. Furthermore, there are many emerging therapies that have been developed that seem worthy of consideration in the near future. The aim of this narrative review was to explore the current medical treatments available for adenomyosis and to provide a glimpse of future therapies under assessment. For this scope, we performed a literature search on PubMed and Medline from incept to September 2022 using the keywords: \u201cmedical treatment\u201d, \u201cnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory\u201d, \u201cprogesterone intrauterine device\u201d, \u201cdienogest\u201d, \u201ccombined oral contraceptives\u201d, \u201cgonadotropin releasing hormone agonist\u201d, \u201cgonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist\u201d, \u201cdanazol\u201d, \u201caromatase inhibitors\u201d, \u201culipristal acetate\u201d, \u201canti-platelet therapy\u201d, \u201cdopamine\u201d, \u201coxytocin antagonists\u201d, \u201cSTAT3\u201d, \u201cKRAS\u201d, \u201cMAPK\u201d, \u201cmicro-RNA\u201d, \u201cmifepristone\u201d, \u201cvalproic acid\u201d, \u201clevo-tetrahydropalamatine\u201d, and \u201candrographolide\u201d. The search was limited to articles in English, with subsequent screening of abstracts. Abstracts were screened to select relevant studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12196130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T10:48:31Z","timestamp":1695552511000},"page":"6130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Present and the Future of Medical Therapies for Adenomyosis: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3240-1496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaby","family":"Moawad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA"},{"name":"The Center for Endometriosis and Advanced Pelvic Surgery, Washington, DC 22101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4339-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youssef","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11220, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8958-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arrigo","family":"Fruscalzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HFR\u2014Fribourg, Chemin des Pensionnats 2-6, 1708 Fribourg, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Faysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7426-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mira","family":"Kheil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8947-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Pirtea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hopital Foch\u2013Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris, 92150 Suresnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetta","family":"Guani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HFR\u2014Fribourg, Chemin des Pensionnats 2-6, 1708 Fribourg, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Marc","family":"Ayoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hopital Foch\u2013Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris, 92150 Suresnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9817-9445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anis","family":"Feki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HFR\u2014Fribourg, Chemin des Pensionnats 2-6, 1708 Fribourg, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-017-0576-z","article-title":"MRI for adenomyosis: A pictorial review","volume":"8","author":"Agostinho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insights Into Imaging"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"CR1","article-title":"Efficacy of long-term, low-dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy (draw-back therapy) for adenomyosis","volume":"15","author":"Akira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. 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