{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T04:45:19Z","timestamp":1777005919722,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dental caries are a public health problem that is influenced by dietary habits. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the feeding and hygiene habits that divorced parents exercise over their children compared to non-divorced parents, and how this may influence the rate of caries in their children. The data of participants (n = 174) with an average age of 12.17 \u00b1 2.04 years were examined to assess the mean decayed\/missing\/filled teeth (DMFT) index, and they were asked questions about their oral hygiene habits. At the same time, their parents answered the parental feeding style questionnaire. A moderation analysis was conducted with family control of oral hygiene habit levels as an independent variable, decayed teeth as a dependent variable, and feeding control as a moderating variable. Results showed that divorced parents were found to have more problems in controlling their children\u2019s hygiene and dietary habits, have less control over their children\u2019s feeding, and make more use of instrumental feeding, which led to children of divorced parents having more caries. Despite the limitations linked to the cross-sectional design of the study and considering both the convenience sample and the impossibility of controlling for all aetiological factors linked to the development of caries, it can be concluded that children of divorced parents have an increased risk of tooth decay. However, parental controlled feeding interferes with the effect of family controlled oral hygiene habits on the decayed tooth, decreasing the rate of caries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12196189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T03:45:23Z","timestamp":1695699923000},"page":"6189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Eating Behaviours, Oral Hygiene, and Caries in a Population of Spanish Children with Divorced Parents: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Moya-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"G\u00f3mez-De Diego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1971-1382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Carrillo-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Romero-Maroto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8332-1085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Ruiz-Guill\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FDI World Dental Federation (2015). The Challenge of Oral Disease\u2014A Call for Global Action, FDI World Dental Federation. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12274","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and oral health-related quality of life","volume":"78","author":"Kabani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Public Health Dent."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12137","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and dental health in children and adolescents","volume":"43","author":"Bright","year":"2015","journal-title":"Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.07.013","article-title":"Parental influence and the development of dental caries in children aged 0\u20136 years: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"40","author":"Hooley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.11.007","article-title":"Association of parental attitudes at mealtime and snack limits with the prevalence of untreated dental caries among preschool children","volume":"108","author":"Bonotto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12235","article-title":"Parenting style and oral health practices in early childhood caries: A case-control study","volume":"27","author":"Dabawala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345000790031501","article-title":"Caries in Five-year-old Children and Associations with Family-related Factors","volume":"79","author":"Mattila","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2014.0053","article-title":"Divorce and Eating Behaviors: A 5-Day Within-Subject Study of Preadolescent Obesity Risk","volume":"11","author":"Mauskopf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child. Obes."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2009.00602.x","article-title":"Promoting Resilience in Youth From Divorced Families: Lessons Learned From Experimental Trials of the New Beginnings Program","volume":"77","author":"Wolchik","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pers."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"s1","article-title":"Influences on the Development of Children\u2019s Eating Behaviours: From Infancy to Adolescence","volume":"68","author":"Birch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. J. Diet. Pract. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, M., Liu, X., Guo, H., and Zhou, Q. (2022). The Associations between Caregivers\u2019 Emotional and Instrumental Feeding, Children\u2019s Emotional Eating, and Children\u2019s Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084439"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12628","article-title":"Impact of problematic eating behaviour and parental feeding styles on early childhood caries","volume":"30","author":"Nembhwani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101861","article-title":"A meta-analysis on interparental conflict, parenting, and child adjustment in divorced families: Examining mediation using meta-analytic structural equation models","volume":"79","author":"Branje","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almerich-Torres, T., Montiel-Company, J.M., Bellot-Arc\u00eds, C., Iranzo-Cort\u00e9s, J.E., Ortol\u00e1-Siscar, J.C., and Almerich-Silla, J.M. (2020). Caries Prevalence Evolution and Risk Factors among Schoolchildren and Adolescents from Valencia (Spain): Trends 1998\u20132018. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186561"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.63","article-title":"Parental Feeding Style and the Inter-generational Transmission of Obesity Risk","volume":"10","author":"Wardle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Routledge. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Hayes, A. (2012). PROCESS: A Versatile Computational Tool for Observed Variable Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Modeling 1, Guilford Press."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/JISPPD.JISPPD_257_18","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practical behavior of parents regarding their child\u2019s oral health in New Delhi","volume":"37","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Pedod. Prev. Dent."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2009.00509.x","article-title":"Adolescent toothbrushing and the home environment: Sociodemographic factors, family relationships and mealtime routines and disorganisation","volume":"38","author":"Levin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Folayan, M.O., Oginni, O., Arowolo, O., and El Tantawi, M. (2020). Association between adverse childhood experiences, bullying, self-esteem, resilience, social support, caries and oral hygiene in children and adolescents in sub-urban Nigeria. BMC Oral Health, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01160-0"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raaijmakers, L.G., Gevers, D.W., Teuscher, D., Kremers, S.P., and van Assema, P. (2014). Emotional and instrumental feeding practices of Dutch mothers regarding foods eaten between main meals. BMC Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-171"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.02.019","article-title":"Practices and preferences: Exploring the relationships between food-related parenting practices and child food preferences for high fat and\/or sugar foods, fruits, and vegetables","volume":"113","author":"Vollmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-018-0764-3","article-title":"Title: Efficacy of a food parenting intervention for mothers with low income to reduce preschooler\u2019s solid fat and added sugar intakes: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Fisher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyg040","article-title":"Children\u2019s eating attitudes and behaviour: A study of the modelling and control theories of parental influence","volume":"19","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palaia, G., Boss\u00f9, M., Pranno, N., Ralli, M., Bruscolini, A., Capocci, M., Gaimari, G., Macali, F., Corridore, D., and Cotticelli, L. (2022). Oral Pathologies in Migrants: The Experience of the \u201cPROTECT\u201d Project in 3023 Patients. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app122412621"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson, T., Bergstr\u00f6m, E.-K., Husberg, M., and Sk\u00f6ld, U.M. (2022). Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness through the Dental-Health FRAMM Guideline for Caries Prevention. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19041954"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020963","article-title":"How people see others is different from how people see themselves: A replicable pattern across cultures","volume":"99","author":"Allik","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/19\/6189\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:57:49Z","timestamp":1760129869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/19\/6189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12196189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12196189","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]}}}