{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T21:08:06Z","timestamp":1783976886907,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the main cognitive distortions observed in panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) and to investigate the impact of cognitive distortions on diagnoses, depression levels, disorder type and severity of anxiety. This study consisted of 150 clinical (50 PD, 50 GAD, 50 SAD) and 91 healthy control participants. A sociodemographic data form, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS), the Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scales were administered to all participants. It was found that cognitive distortions were higher in individuals with PD, GAD and SAD. The PD, SAD and GAD groups were similar for \u201ccatastrophizing\u201d, \u201cmindreading\u201d, \u201call or nothing thinking\u201d, \u201covergeneralization\u201d, \u201cshould statements\u201d and \u201cemotional reasoning\u201d. \u201cPersonalization\u201d, \u201clabeling\u201d and \u201cminimizing or disqualifying the positive\u201d were observed at a higher severity in the SAD group compared to the PD group, and \u201cmental filter\u201d was observed at a higher severity in the GAD group compared to the PD group. Our findings emphasize the need to address cognitive distortions in PD, GAD and SAD treatment. The evaluation of cognitive distortions specific to anxiety disorders is significant in guiding therapy goals and pioneering new research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12196351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T07:28:29Z","timestamp":1696318109000},"page":"6351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Investigation of Cognitive Distortions in Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3531-3280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130lker","family":"\u00d6zdemir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun 28200, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1949-4007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erkan","family":"Kuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Psychiatry, Ankara 06510, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Beck, A.T., Emery, G., and Greenberg, R.L. 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