{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:34:04Z","timestamp":1760150044984,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate facial growth and soft tissue changes in infants with complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (CUCLAP) at ages 3, 9, and 12 months. Using 3D images of 22 CUCLAP infants, average faces and distance maps for the entire face and specific regions were created. Color-coded maps highlighted more significant soft tissue changes from 3 to 9 months than from 9 to 12 months. The first interval showed substantial growth in the entire face, particularly in the forehead, eyes, lower lip, chin, and cheeks (p &lt; 0.001), while the second interval exhibited no significant growth. This study provides insights into facial soft tissue growth in CUCLAP infants during critical developmental stages, emphasizing substantial improvements between 3 and 9 months, mainly in the chin, lower lip, and forehead. However, uneven growth occurred in the upper lip, philtrum, and nostrils throughout both intervals, with an overall decline in growth from 9 to 12 months. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of soft tissue growth in CUCLAP patients, highlighting the need to consider these patterns in treatment planning. Future research should explore the underlying factors and develop customized treatment interventions for enhanced facial aesthetics and function in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T06:14:04Z","timestamp":1696918444000},"page":"6432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Longitudinal Three-Dimensional Stereophotogrammetric Growth Analysis in Infants with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate from 3 to 12 Months of Age"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Kluge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, A\u00dfmannshauser Stra\u00dfe 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Bruggink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Pandis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Freiburgstra\u00dfe 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5487-4251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey","family":"Unkovskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, A\u00dfmannshauser Stra\u00dfe 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dental Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 19c1, Moscow 119146, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6520-5902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul-Georg","family":"Jost-Brinkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, A\u00dfmannshauser Stra\u00dfe 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8172-0090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Marie","family":"Kuijpers-Jagtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Freiburgstra\u00dfe 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Campus Salemba, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8478-2078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodosia","family":"Bartzela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, A\u00dfmannshauser Stra\u00dfe 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstra\u00dfe 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"312","article-title":"Prevalence of craniomandibular dysfunction in children and adolescents: A review","volume":"9","author":"Vanderas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000337464","article-title":"Epidemiology of oral clefts 2012: An international perspective","volume":"Volume 16","author":"Mossey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cleft Lip and Palate"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-016-1733-z","article-title":"Tooth agenesis and orofacial clefting: Genetic brothers in arms?","volume":"135","author":"Phan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"397","article-title":"Syndromale und nichtsyndromale orofaziale Spalten","volume":"29","author":"Mangold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howe, L.J., Lee, M.K., Sharp, G.C., Smith, G.D., Pourcain, B.S., Shaffer, J.R., Ludwig, K.U., Mangold, E., Marazita, M.L., and Feingold, E. (2018). Investigating the shared genetics of non-syndromic cleft lip\/palate and facial morphology. PLoS Genet., 14.","DOI":"10.1101\/255901"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-018-0397-x","article-title":"The role of external aetiological factors in dental anomalies in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate patients","volume":"20","author":"Korolenkova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm125","article-title":"Left-sided embryonic expression of the BCL-6 corepressor, BCOR, is required for vertebrate laterality determination","volume":"16","author":"Hilton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2009.52","article-title":"BCOR analysis in patients with OFCD and Lenz microphthalmia syndromes, mental retardation with ocular anomalies, and cardiac laterality defects","volume":"17","author":"Hilton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Bartzela, T. (2021). Cleft Lip and Palate: A Variable Clinical Spectrum. Medical and Dental Considerations, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"358","article-title":"Thoughts on the etiology of clefts of the palate and lip","volume":"5","author":"Fraser","year":"1955","journal-title":"Acta Genet. Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000297839.78179.f5","article-title":"Prevalence of major anatomic variations in oral clefts","volume":"121","author":"Sivertsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1597\/10-178","article-title":"Genetics of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts","volume":"49","author":"Rahimov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofac. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2933","article-title":"Cleft lip and palate: Understanding genetic and environmental influences","volume":"12","author":"Dixon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"13","article-title":"Associated congenital malformations in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"78","author":"Kouwenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tijdschr. Kindergeneeskd."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03863-2","article-title":"Clinical characterization of 266 patients and family members with cleft lip and\/or palate with associated malformations and syndromes","volume":"25","author":"Bartzela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2011.07.007","article-title":"Breakthroughs in the genetics of orofacial clefting","volume":"17","author":"Mangold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7302","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7302","article-title":"Three-dimensional facial development of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate during the first year of life in comparison with normative average faces","volume":"7","author":"Brons","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1597\/16-073","article-title":"Three-Dimensional analysis of nasal symmetry following primary correction of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity","volume":"54","author":"Linden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofac. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2008.05.003","article-title":"Quantitative 3D soft tissue analysis of symmetry prior to and after unilateral cleft lip repair compared with non-cleft persons (performed in Cambodia)","volume":"36","author":"Chaitidis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manyama, M., Larson, J.R., Liberton, D.K., Rolian, C., Smith, F.J., Kimwaga, E., Gilyoma, J., Lukowiak, K.D., Spritz, R.A., and Hallgrimsson, B. (2014). Facial morphometrics of children with non-syndromic orofacial clefts in Tanzania. BMC Oral Health, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-93"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1698971","article-title":"The genetic basis of facial skeletal characteristics and its relation with orthodontics","volume":"6","author":"Cakan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03403-4","article-title":"Symmetry of palatal shape during the first year of life in healthy infants","volume":"25","author":"Bruggink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.07.004","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in cleft lip and\/or palate patients\u2014A cross-sectional study from preschool age until adolescence","volume":"46","author":"Naros","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1597\/08-249.1","article-title":"Pinheiro, F.H.; Dominguez-Gonzalez, S.; et al. A longitudinal three-center study of dental arch relationship in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"47","author":"Bartzela","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-011-0615-y","article-title":"A longitudinal three-center study of craniofacial morphology at 6 and 12 years of age in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"16","author":"Bartzela","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brons, S., van Beusichem, M.E., Bronkhorst, E.M., Draaisma, J., Berg\u00e9, S.J., Maal, T.J., and Kuijpers-Jagtman, A.M. (2012). Methods to quantify soft-tissue based facial growth and treatment outcomes in children: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041898"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brons, S., van Beusichem, M.E., Bronkhorst, E.M., Draaisma, J.M., Berg\u00e9, S.J., Schols, J.G., and Kuijpers-Jagtman, A.M. (2014). Methods to quantify soft tissue\u2013based cranial growth and treatment outcomes in children: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089602"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-263X.2003.00496.x","article-title":"Facial asymmetry\u20143D assessment of infants with cleft lip & palate","volume":"13","author":"Hood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618771427","article-title":"Three-dimensional soft tissue nasal changes after nasoalveolar molding and primary ceilorhinoplasty in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"56","author":"Mancini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2186\/jpr.JPR_D_22_00107","article-title":"Facial scanning technologies in the era of digital workflow: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Antonacci","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1597\/12-217","article-title":"3D Facial morphometry in children with oral clefts","volume":"51","author":"Bugaighis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofac. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2018.04.006","article-title":"Using three-dimensional average facial meshes to determine nasolabial soft tissue deformity in adult UCLP patients","volume":"17","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1597\/13-353","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of facial asymmetry using three-dimensional surface imaging in adults: Validating the precision and reliability of a global approach","volume":"53","author":"Kornreich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2009.08.058","article-title":"The evidence base for neonatal surgery","volume":"85","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1054\/jcms.2001.0217","article-title":"The Eurocleft Project 1996\u20132000: Overview","volume":"29","author":"Shaw","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brons, S., Meulstee, J.W., Nada, R.M., Kuijpers, M.A.R., Bronkhorst, E.M., Berg\u00e9, S.J., Maal, T.J.J., and Kuijpers-Jagtman, A.M. (2019). Uniform 3D meshes to establish normative facial averages of healthy infants during the first year of life. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217267"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.07.006","article-title":"Development and reproducibility of a 3D stereophotogrammetric reference frame for facial soft tissue growth of babies and young children with and without orofacial clefts","volume":"42","author":"Brons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91465-z","article-title":"Large-scale open-source three-dimensional growth curves for clinical facial assessment and objective description of facial dysmorphism","volume":"11","author":"Matthews","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13281","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13281","article-title":"A semi-automatic three-dimensional technique using a regionalized facial template enables facial growth assessment in healthy children from 1.5 to 5.0 years of age","volume":"10","author":"Bruggink","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618780108","article-title":"Longitudinal 3D assessment of facial asymmetry in unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"56","author":"Ju","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofac. J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjs075","article-title":"Facial shape and asymmetry in 5-year-old children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and\/or palate: An exploratory study using laser scanning","volume":"36","author":"Djordjevic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.01.019","article-title":"Soft tissue morphology of the naso-maxillary complex following surgical correction of maxillary hypoplasia","volume":"41","author":"Ubaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006933","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of craniofacial structures of individuals with nonsyndromic unilateral complete cleft lip and palate","volume":"32","author":"Parveen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e449","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003651","article-title":"Nasolabial growth in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate: A preliminary study of longitudinal observation using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry","volume":"28","author":"Alazzawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004434","article-title":"Longitudinal follow-up of individuals with cleft lip using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry","volume":"29","author":"Morioka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.06.003","article-title":"Nasolabial shape and aesthetics in unilateral cleft lip and palate: An analysis of nasolabial shape using a mean 3D facial template","volume":"50","author":"Kuijpers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2018.08.012","article-title":"Longitudinal morphometric analysis of dental arch of children with cleft lip and palate: 3D stereophotogrammetry study","volume":"126","author":"Ambrosio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0046","article-title":"3D analysis of effects of primary surgeries in cleft lip\/palate children during the first two years of life","volume":"31","author":"Sakoda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1597\/03-069.1","article-title":"Three-dimensional facial characteristics of caucasian infants without cleft and correlation with body measurements","volume":"41","author":"White","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac. J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-016-0076-8","article-title":"Using the 3D facial norms database to investigate craniofacial sexual dimorphism in healthy children, adolescents, and adults","volume":"7","author":"Kesterke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.04.025","article-title":"Evaluation of a portable low-budget three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry system for nasal analysis","volume":"46","author":"Ritschl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-018-0168-2","article-title":"The possibilities of a portable low-budget three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry system in neonates: A prospective growth analysis and analysis of accuracy","volume":"14","author":"Ritschl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Head Face Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.11.035","article-title":"Three-dimensional analyses of nasolabial forms and upper lip surface symmetry after primary lip repair in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"47","author":"Kimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mai, H.-N., and Lee, D.-H. (2022). Effects of artificial extraoral markers on accuracy of three-dimensional dentofacial image integration: Smartphone face scan versus stereophotogrammetry. J. Pers. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12030490"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620924871","article-title":"An Innovative assessment of the dynamics of facial movements in surgically managed unilateral cleft lip and palate using 4D imaging","volume":"57","author":"Gattani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofac. J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1597\/09-208","article-title":"Comparison of two scoring systems for evaluation of treatment outcome in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"48","author":"Bartzela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofac. J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2319\/020309-67.1","article-title":"Mandibular growth, remodeling, and maturation during infancy and early childhood","volume":"80","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2520-0","article-title":"Influence of involuntary facial expressions on reproducibility of 3D stereophotogrammetry in children with and without complete unilateral cleft lip and palate from 3 to 18 months of age","volume":"23","author":"Brons","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kharbanda, O.P. (2021). Cleft Orthodontics: A Holistic and Interdisciplinary Approach, Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers. Chapter 20.","DOI":"10.1055\/b-0042-189201"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12507","article-title":"Spatially dense morphometrics of craniofacial sexual dimorphism in 1-year-olds","volume":"229","author":"Matthews","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anat."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/20\/6432\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:04:06Z","timestamp":1760130246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/20\/6432"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12206432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12206432","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]}}}