{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:40Z","timestamp":1787028640523,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the prevalence of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (SS) among patients with ranulas, parotid cysts, or parotid calcifications; identify the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) findings of the lesions associated with SS; and compare the SS disease stages among SS patients with the three lesion types. A total of 228 patients with the lesions were classified into SS, possible SS, and non-SS groups. The prevalence of SS among patients with ranulas, parotid cysts, or parotid calcifications was 16%, 24%, and 40%, and the rates of either SS or possible SS were 25%, 41%, and 64%, respectively. SS was associated with (i) ranulas: \u226417 mm; (ii) parotid cysts: bilateral and multiple; and (iii) parotid calcifications: in females, bilateral, multiple, parenchymal, and no coexisting calcifications in other tissues. SS patients with ranulas were significantly younger and had lower submandibular gland stage scores on MRI\/CT than those with other lesions. Additionally, in 58% and 15% of SS patients with ranulas and parotid calcifications, respectively, detection of the lesions led to the diagnosis of primary SS. Therefore, recognizing the prevalence of SS among patients with these lesions and the findings associated with SS can help detect undiagnosed SS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T12:46:13Z","timestamp":1697114773000},"page":"6487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Three Signs to Help Detect Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome: Incidental Findings on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yukinori","family":"Takagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuo","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sato","family":"Eida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshimasa","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuntaro","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunio","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Informatics, Nagasaki 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Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Toya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5610-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Misa","family":"Sumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, 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