{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:45:43Z","timestamp":1790354743174,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an under-diagnosed common health problem that impairs quality of life. Migraine and IBS are comorbid disorders that are triggered by foods. We aim to investigate IBS frequency in medication overuse headache (MOH) patients and identify food triggers and food avoidance behavior. Methods: Participants who completed the cross-sectional, observational and online survey were included (n = 1118). Demographic data, comorbid disorders, medications used, presence of headache, the diagnostic features of headache and IBS, migraine related subjective cognitive symptoms scale (MigSCog), consumption behavior of patients regarding 125 food\/food additives and food triggers were asked about in the questionnaire. Results: Migraine and MOH diagnoses were made in 88% and 30.7% of the participants, respectively. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the main overused drug (89%) in MOH patients. IBS symptoms were present in 35.8% of non-headache sufferers, 52% of migraine patients and 65% of MOH patients. Specific food triggers for MOH patients were dopaminergic and frequently consumed as healthy foods such as banana, apple, cherry, apricot, watermelon, olive, ice cream and yogurt. MigSCog scores were significantly higher in episodic migraine and MOH patients when IBS symptoms coexisted. Conclusions: The frequency of IBS was higher in MOH patients compared to migraine patients. Coexistence of IBS seems to be a confounding factor for cognitive functions. MOH specific triggers were mostly dopaminergic foods, whereas migraine specific food triggers were mostly histaminergic and processed foods. Personalized diets focusing on food triggers and interference with leaky gut must be integrated to MOH and migraine treatment to achieve sustainable management of these disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T12:46:13Z","timestamp":1697114773000},"page":"6488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Distinct Food Triggers for Migraine, Medication Overuse Headache and Irritable Bowel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5169-2233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merve","family":"Ceren Akgor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Algology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (N\u00d6ROM), Gazi University, Ankara 06560, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7964-2676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doga","family":"Vuralli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Algology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (N\u00d6ROM), Gazi University, Ankara 06560, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Neuropsychiatry Center, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damla Hazal","family":"Sucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin 33343, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saliha","family":"Gokce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Algology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (N\u00d6ROM), Gazi University, Ankara 06560, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahar","family":"Tasdelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin 33343, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2888-3215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Gultekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara 06510, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3357-7733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayrunnisa","family":"Bolay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Algology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (N\u00d6ROM), Gazi University, Ankara 06560, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Neuropsychiatry Center, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-011-0414-5","article-title":"One-year prevalence and the impact of migraine and tension-type headache in Turkey: A nationwide home-based study in adults","volume":"13","author":"Ertas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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