{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:50:20Z","timestamp":1780375820436,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Croatian Ministry of Science and Education","award":["IP14-MEFOS-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP14-MEFOS-2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the current modern era of unhealthy lifestyles, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease and has become a serious global health problem. To date, there is no approved pharmacotherapy for the treatment of NAFLD, and necessary lifestyle changes such as weight loss, diet, and exercise are usually not sufficient to manage this disease. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a significantly higher risk of developing NAFLD and vice versa. Sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are antidiabetic agents that have recently been approved for two other indications: chronic kidney disease and heart failure in diabetics and non-diabetics. They are also emerging as promising new agents for NAFLD treatment, as they have shown beneficial effects on hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis. Studies in animals have reported favorable effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, and studies in patients also found positive effects on body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance, glucose levels, liver enzymes, apoptosis, and transcription factors. There are some theories regarding how SGLT2 inhibitors affect the liver, but the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. Therefore, biomarkers to evaluate underlying mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors on the liver have now been scrutinized to assess their potential as a future in-label therapy for NAFLD. In addition, finding suitable non-invasive biomarkers could be helpful in clinical practice for the early detection of NAFLD in patients. This is crucial for a positive disease outcome. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the most recent findings on the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on NAFLD biomarkers and the potential of SGLT2 inhibitors to successfully treat NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T08:25:09Z","timestamp":1697531109000},"page":"6561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Biomarkers for Assessing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Sodium\u2013Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Farah","family":"Khaznadar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Petrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Khaznadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, \u201cDr. Juraj Njavro\u201d National Memorial Hospital Vukovar, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hrvoje","family":"Roguljic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital Center, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Bojanic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Health Center Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucija","family":"Kuna Roguljic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stjepan","family":"Siber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Smolic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8861-5987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Bilic-Curcic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital Center, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Y.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrenterology\/Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6867-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Smolic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793203","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.793203","article-title":"Efficacy of Off-Label Therapy for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Improving Non-invasive and Invasive Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"9","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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