{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T07:58:12Z","timestamp":1771660692580,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cause of the cystic dilatation of the cord found in syringomyelia has been a source of conjecture for a considerable time. Recent studies have shown that there is a reduction in craniospinal compliance in both childhood hydrocephalus and multiple sclerosis which leads to venous outflow dilatation. Both diseases are associated with glymphatic outflow obstruction. Venous dilatation will narrow the perivenous glymphatic outflow pathway and lead to an increase in glymphatic outflow resistance. Syringomyelia has been shown to be associated with reduced spinal canal compliance. This paper discusses the possibility that venous dilatation and obstructed glymphatic outflow within the cord may be behind the cystic dilatation found within syringomyelia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T07:25:22Z","timestamp":1697786722000},"page":"6646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Syringomyelia Is Associated with a Reduction in Spinal Canal Compliance, Venous Outflow Dilatation and Glymphatic Fluid Obstruction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3095-9047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant Alexander","family":"Bateman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Callaghan Campus, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander Robert","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2502, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.01.014","article-title":"The pathogenesis of syringomyelia associated with lesions at the foramen magnum: A critical review of existing theories and proposal of a new hypothesis","volume":"220","author":"Levine","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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