{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T22:29:19Z","timestamp":1782340159479,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the effects of different types of tympanostomy tubes in pediatric patients undergoing cleft palate (CP) surgery in order to provide guidance for the proper insertion of tympanostomy tubes in the management of otitis media with effusion (OME). A total of 101 ears with middle ear effusion in 51 patients with CP were included in this study. Patients underwent palatoplasty and tympanostomy tube surgery at the same time. The type of tube inserted (Paparella type 1 or 2), the severity of CP, and types of palatoplasty surgeries were investigated. All patients were followed up for at least 6 months, and recurrence rates, complications, and reinsertion surgery were evaluated. The rate of OME recurrence after spontaneous tube extrusion was significantly higher in the type 1 group than in the type 2 group (44.3% vs. 19.4%, respectively, p = 0.016). Persistent eardrum perforation was more common in the type 2 group than in the type 1 group (41.9% vs. 12.9%, respectively, p = 0.001). The tube reinsertion rate was higher in the type 1 group than in the type 2 group (22.9% vs. 3.2%, respectively, p = 0.015). The tube reinsertion rate decreased to 8.6% in cases of palatoplasty with Sommerlad\u2019s technique, even with type 1 tube insertion, which was not significantly different from the reinsertion rate in the type 2 group (3.7%, p = 0.439). The Paparella type 1 tube would be a better choice in cases of palatoplasty performed using Sommerlad\u2019s technique, particularly considering the higher rate of persistent eardrum perforation after extrusion associated with the Paparella type 2 tube. Alternatively, a larger size type 2 tube may be considered in other surgeries to decrease the frequency of recurrence and tube reinsertion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T07:25:22Z","timestamp":1697786722000},"page":"6651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Determination of Tympanostomy Tube Types for Otitis Media with Effusion in Patients with Cleft Palate: Comparison between Paparella Type 1 and Type 2 Tubes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0606-8834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jungho","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga Young","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0827-479X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Hyun","family":"Yeou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5020-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hantai","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oak-Sung","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Hun","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hun Yi","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Hoon","family":"Choung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23329","article-title":"Birth defects data from population-based birth defects surveillance programs in the United States, 2007 to 2011: Highlighting orofacial clefts","volume":"100","author":"Mai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. 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