{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T20:35:19Z","timestamp":1769027719626,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: This narrative review aims to explore the predictors of success for pharyngeal surgery in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). An extensive literature search was conducted, identifying relevant studies published up to June 2023, utilizing various databases and key search terms related to OSA, surgical interventions, and predictors of success. The review encompasses both retrospective and prospective studies, case series, and cohort studies to provide a broad understanding of the topic; (2) Methods: Review of English scientific literature on phenotypes of OSA related to predictors of success of pharyngeal surgery; (3) Results: Of 75 articles, 21 were included, in these the following were determined to be factors for surgical success: body mass index (BMI) (8 articles), apnea\/hypopnea index (AHI) (8 articles), cephalometry (8 articles), palatine tonsil size (7 articles), Modified Mallampati score (2 articles), genioglossus electromyography (2 articles), Friedman score or upper airway anatomy (3 articles), nasopharyngolaryngoscopy (2 articles), drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) (1 article), oral cavity anatomy (1 article) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (1 article); (4) Conclusions: The lack of standardized protocols for the indication of pharyngeal surgery is a reality, however identifying known predictors of surgical success may facilitate homogenizing indications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T07:22:15Z","timestamp":1698304935000},"page":"6773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Predictors of Success of Pharyngeal Surgery in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0797-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heloisa dos Santos Sobreira","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT and Sleep Medicine Department, Nucleus of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Sleep Medicine of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 04090-010, Brazil"},{"name":"Young Otolaryngologists-International Federations of Oto-Rhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7937-7342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Vaz de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young Otolaryngologists-International Federations of Oto-Rhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France"},{"name":"ENT Department, Armed Forces Hospital, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7999-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin","family":"Favier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young Otolaryngologists-International Federations of Oto-Rhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France"},{"name":"ENT Department, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34080 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5574-8559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florent","family":"Carsuzaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young Otolaryngologists-International Federations of Oto-Rhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France"},{"name":"ENT Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina He Ryi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT and Sleep Medicine Department, Nucleus of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Sleep Medicine of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 04090-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Ahumada","family":"Mira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young Otolaryngologists-International Federations of Oto-Rhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France"},{"name":"ENT Department, Hospital of Linares, Linares 3582259, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Meccariello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Department, ENT & Oral Surgery Unity, G.B. Morgagni, L. Pierantoni Hospital, 47100 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Vicini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Department, ENT & Oral Surgery Unity, G.B. Morgagni, L. Pierantoni Hospital, 47100 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9802-7716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"De Vito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Department, ENT & Oral Surgery Unity, G.B. Morgagni, L. Pierantoni Hospital, 47100 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome R.","family":"Lechien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young Otolaryngologists-International Federations of Oto-Rhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France"},{"name":"Division of Laryngology and Broncho-Esophagology, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Chiesa Estomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young Otolaryngologists-International Federations of Oto-Rhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donostia University Hospital, Biodonostia Research Institute, Osakidetza, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1251-0185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Maniaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young Otolaryngologists-International Federations of Oto-Rhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cGF Ingrassia\u201d, ENT Section, University of Catania, Piazza Universit\u00e0 2, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1781-2809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giannicola","family":"Iannella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young Otolaryngologists-International Federations of Oto-Rhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of \u2018Organi di Senso\u2019, University \u201cSapienza\u201d, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 33, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1618-0048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cammaroto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young Otolaryngologists-International Federations of Oto-Rhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France"},{"name":"Head and Neck Department, ENT & Oral Surgery Unity, G.B. 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