{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T23:09:02Z","timestamp":1783984142136,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004954","name":"Augustinus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-3012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-3012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004954","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Heart Center at Rigshospitalet, Denmark","award":["16-3012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-3012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: To investigate how food intake and preload augmentation affect the cardiac output (CO) and volumes of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) assessed using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE). (2) Methods: Eighty-two subjects with (n = 40) and without (n = 42) cardiac disease were assessed using both CMR and TTE immediately before and after a fast infusion of 2 L isotonic saline. Half of the population had a meal during saline infusion (food\/fluid), and the other half were kept fasting (fasting\/fluid). We analyzed end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV) volumes and feature tracking (FT) using CMR, LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), and RV longitudinal strain (LS) using TTE. (3) Results: CO assessed using CMR increased significantly in both groups, and the increase was significantly higher in the food\/fluid group: LV-CO (\u0394LV-CO: +2.6 \u00b1 1.3 vs. +0.7 \u00b1 1.0 p &lt; 0.001), followed by increased heart rate (HR) (\u0394HR: +12 \u00b1 8 vs. +1 \u00b1 6 p &lt; 0.001). LV and RV achieved increased stroke volume (SV) through different mechanisms. For the LV, through increased contractility, increased LV-EDV, decreased LV-ESV, increased LV-FT, and GLS were observed. For the RV, increased volumes, increased RV-EDV, increased RV-ESV, and at least for the fasting\/fluid group, unchanged RV-FT and RV-LS were reported. (4) Conclusions: Preload augmentation and food intake have a significant impact on hemodynamic and cardiac functional parameters. This advocates for standardized recommendations regarding oral intake of fluid and food before cardiac assessment, for example, TTE, CMR, and right heart catheterization. We also demonstrate different approaches for the LV and RV to increase SV: for the LV by increased contractility, and for the RV by volume expansion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T11:50:18Z","timestamp":1698407418000},"page":"6781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Influence of Food Intake and Preload Augmentation on Cardiac Functional Parameters: A Study Using Both Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Echocardiography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2899-7880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lasse","family":"Visby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmus","family":"M\u00f8gelvang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Baagoees All\u00e9 15, DK-5700 Svendborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik Fasth","family":"Grund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrine Aagaard","family":"Myhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hassager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Vejlstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Mattu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University Hospitals Northamptonshire, Kettering NN1 5BD, Northamptonshire, UK"},{"name":"University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte Burup","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Lund University Hospital, Entr\u00e9gatan 7, SE-22242 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1901","article-title":"Hemodynamic monitoring","volume":"143","author":"Hollenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.88.4.323","article-title":"Prognostic importance of right ventricular dysfunction","volume":"88","author":"Bleasdale","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.793471","article-title":"Cardiac dysfunction assessed by echocardiographic tissue Doppler imaging is an independent predictor of mortality in the general population","volume":"119","author":"Mogelvang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00337-4","article-title":"Right ventricular ejection fraction is an independent predictor of survival in patients with moderate heart failure","volume":"32","author":"Millaire","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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