{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:25:49Z","timestamp":1792787149777,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The frozen elephant trunk is a formidable tool for the aortovascular surgeon. An appreciation of how to size the graft in different pathologies is key in achieving optimal results. Herein, we demonstrate worked examples of how imaging can be used to plan for a frozen elephant trunk and discuss the nuisances and uncertainties of sizing using three index cases: Type A aortic dissection, distal thoracic aortic aneurysm and chronic dissection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T13:20:07Z","timestamp":1698672007000},"page":"6836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sizing the Frozen Elephant Trunk Based on Aortic Pathology and the Importance of Pre-Operative Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0592-0319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marinos","family":"Koulouroudias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Velissarios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Horizons, 15562 Cholargos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kokotsakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Evangelismos Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5417-6392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios E.","family":"Magouliotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Larissa General University Hospital, 41334 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pantelis","family":"Tsipas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Evangelismos Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4931-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arian","family":"Arjomandi Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Viviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Kourliouros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanos","family":"Athanasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1020290","article-title":"Extensive aortic replacement using \u201celephant trunk\u201d prosthesis","volume":"31","author":"Borst","year":"1983","journal-title":"Thorac. 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