{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:38:07Z","timestamp":1760150287449,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The side effects and safety issues tied to calcium supplementation raise questions about its necessity in osteoporosis treatment. We retrospectively evaluated 189 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients treated with denosumab for 12 months. Patients exhibited neither renal dysfunction nor compromised general dietary intake. Patients were divided into three groups as follows: group A, weekly vitamin D 7000 IU; group B, daily vitamin D 1000 IU with elemental calcium 100 mg; and group C, daily vitamin D 1000 IU with elemental calcium 500 mg. All groups showed significant increases in bone density: +6.4 \u00b1 4.7% for the lumbar spine, +2.2 \u00b1 3.5% for the femoral neck, and +2.4 \u00b1 3.8% for the total hip in group A; +7.0 \u00b1 10.9% for the lumbar spine, +2.3 \u00b1 5.2% for the femoral neck, and +2.4 \u00b1 3.8% for the total hip in group B; and + 6.7 \u00b1 8.7% for the lumbar spine, +2.5 \u00b1 8.4% for the femoral neck, and +2.3 \u00b1 4.0% for the total hip in group C. Serum calcium levels increased over time in all three groups with no significant difference. Changes in CTX and P1NP levels did not differ between the groups (all p &gt; 0.05). With regular dietary intake, calcium supplementation levels showed no significant effect on bone density, bone marker changes, or hypocalcemia incidence during denosumab treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T09:28:13Z","timestamp":1698917293000},"page":"6904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Denosumab on Bone Density in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Comparison with and without Calcium Supplementation in Patients on Standard Diets in Korea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2914-2278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaiho","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4581-9493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9074-8087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeongmin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yejee","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0995-6482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Jun","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki-Hyun","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeonghoon","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2022.1427","article-title":"Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Denosumab in Patients with Osteoporosis: A Prospective, Observational Study in South Korea","volume":"37","author":"Rhee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinol. 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