{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:04:12Z","timestamp":1791893052445,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002907","name":"Coloplast Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-731-18256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-731-18256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002907","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) is a common condition in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) or multiple sclerosis (MS). It usually entails constipation, difficult evacuation of the rectum, and fecal incontinence (FI); often in combination. It is highly burdensome for affected patients and is correlated with poor quality of life. The current treatment algorithm, or treatment pyramid, does not completely correspond to actual clinical practice, and the known and classical pyramid contains both treatments still in their experimental stage as well as several treatments which are not available at all treatment centers. Thus, an updated treatment algorithm is called upon, and the authors of this paper therefore propose a simplified version of the treatment pyramid, aiming to guide clinicians in treating NBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12226971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T11:25:31Z","timestamp":1699356331000},"page":"6971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury and Multiple Sclerosis\u2014An Updated and Simplified Treatment Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fredrika","family":"Magnuson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0022-7972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Krassioukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Collaboration of Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianna","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spinal Cord Injury Medicine, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Emmanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Physiology Unit, University College London Hospital, London WC1E 6DB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Kirshblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, West Orange, NJ 07052, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Krogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.06.004","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of transanal irrigation versus conservative bowel management in spinal cord-injured patients","volume":"131","author":"Christensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Consortium Spinal Cord Medicine CPG (2021). 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