{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:40:45Z","timestamp":1760150445380,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain)","award":["FIS PI22\/01263","RICORS RD21\/0002\/0025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS PI22\/01263","RICORS RD21\/0002\/0025"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Red de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["FIS PI22\/01263","RICORS RD21\/0002\/0025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS PI22\/01263","RICORS RD21\/0002\/0025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are often overlapping conditions. We studied whether 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography\u2013computed tomography (PET-CT) is useful in identifying PMR in the setting of large vessel (LV) GCA. Methods: LV-GCA patients diagnosed by PET-CT at a tertiary care center for a population of 450,000 people over a two-year period were reviewed. Scoring was performed based on potential significant FDG uptake at up to 16 sites in nine different extravascular areas (SCORE 16). Differences in extravascular sites of significant FDG uptake were evaluated between LV-GCA with a clinical diagnosis of PMR or not. Results: Fifty-four patients were diagnosed with LV-GCA by 18F-FDG-PET-CT. Of them, 21 (38.8%) were clinically diagnosed with PMR. Significant extravascular FDG uptake was more frequently observed in those with a clinical diagnosis of PMR. In this sense, the SCORE 16 was higher in those with clinical PMR (5.10 \u00b1 4.05 versus 1.73 \u00b1 2.31 in those without a clinical diagnosis of PMR; p &lt; 0.001). A SCORE 16 involving more than four sites of significant FDG uptake yielded a sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 91% for establishing a clinical diagnosis of PMR associated with LV-GCA. The best areas of significant FDG uptake to clinically identify PMR in patients with LV-GCA were the shoulder, the greater trochanter, and the lumbar interspinous regions, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.810 (0.691\u20130.930). Conclusions: Significant extravascular 18F-FDG-PET-CT uptake may help establish a clinical diagnosis of PMR in patients with LV-GCA. These patients are more commonly diagnosed with PMR if they have significant FDG uptake in the shoulder, greater trochanter, and lumbar interspinous areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12226983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T07:02:05Z","timestamp":1699426925000},"page":"6983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography\u2013Computed Tomography Findings of Polymyalgia Rheumatica in Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Heras-Recuero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, ISS-Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Foundation University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Mart\u00ednez de Bourio-Allona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura Cristina","family":"Landaeta-Kancev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Bl\u00e1zquez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, ISS-Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Foundation University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arantxa","family":"Torres-Rosell\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, ISS-Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Foundation University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, ISS-Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Foundation University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Belhaj-Gandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, ISS-Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Foundation University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8199-8631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, ISS-Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Foundation University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Dhier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Llorca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6525-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Largo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, ISS-Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Foundation University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7924-7406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, ISS-Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Foundation University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine and Psychiatry Department, University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61077-6","article-title":"Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis","volume":"372","author":"Salvarani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24459","article-title":"Epidemiology of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia 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