{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:29:00Z","timestamp":1776724140415,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic gluten-sensitive immune-mediated enteropathy characterized by numerous intestinal and extra-intestinal signs and symptoms. Among extra-intestinal manifestations, otorhinolaryngological (ORL) complaints in CeD are relatively rare and their relation to CeD is frequently overlooked by physicians. Recent studies underlined that the prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, aphthous ulcers, geographic tongue, and xerostomia was significantly increased in CeD patients compared with healthy individuals. However, data about the other oral manifestations of CeD, such as atrophic glossitis, glossodynia, angular cheilitis, and salivary abnormalities, are scanty. Further ORL conditions associated with CeD include sensorineural hearing loss, nasal abnormalities, and obstructive sleep apnea. Moreover, several esophageal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and eosinophilic esophagitis have been associated with CeD. The pathophysiological link between both ORL and esophageal manifestations and CeD might be further investigated. In addition, also the role of gluten-free diet in improving these conditions is largely unclear. Certainly, otorhinolaryngologists can play an important role in identifying people with unrecognized CeD and may help prevent its long-term complications. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze the latest evidence on the association between CeD and ORL and esophageal manifestations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T02:46:47Z","timestamp":1699843607000},"page":"7036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations and Esophageal Disorders in Celiac Disease: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Herbert","family":"Wieser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7426-1145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Ciacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Gizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9094-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Santonicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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