{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:36:43Z","timestamp":1781195803836,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]],"date-time":"2023-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Boehringer-Ingelheim"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The INBUILD study demonstrated the efficacy of nintedanib in the treatment of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease different to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related ILD. Nevertheless, the prevalence of RA-ILD patients that may potentially benefit from nintedanib remains unknown. Objectives and methods: The aim of the present multicentre study was to investigate the prevalence and possible associated factors of fibrosing progressive patterns in a cross-sectional cohort of RA-ILD patients. Results: One hundred and thirty-four RA-ILD patients with a diagnosis of RA-ILD, who were confirmed at high-resolution computed tomography and with a follow-up of at least 24 months, were enrolled. The patients were defined as having a progressive fibrosing ILD in case of a relative decline in forced vital capacity &gt; 10% predicted and\/or an increased extent of fibrotic changes on chest imaging in a 24-month period. Respiratory symptoms were excluded to reduce possible bias due to the retrospective interpretation of cough and dyspnea. According to radiologic features, ILD was classified as usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in 50.7% of patients, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in 19.4%, and other patterns in 29.8%. Globally, a fibrosing progressive pattern was recorded in 36.6% of patients (48.5% of patients with a fibrosing pattern) with a significant association to the UIP pattern. Conclusion: We observed that more than a third of RA-ILD patients showed a fibrosing progressive pattern and might benefit from antifibrotic treatment. This study shows some limitations, such as the retrospective design. The exclusion of respiratory symptoms\u2019 evaluation might underestimate the prevalence of progressive lung disease but increases the value of results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T02:46:47Z","timestamp":1699843607000},"page":"7041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Fibrosing Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Multicentre Italian Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1294-6421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Sebastiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2573-5930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Venerito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Ionian Area, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elenia","family":"Laurino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Gentileschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Atzeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Canofari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3860-0063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Andrisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Unit, Azienda Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3454-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Cassone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlea","family":"Lavista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Ionian Area, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"D\u2019Alessandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Vacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Scardapane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Frediani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Cazzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Salvarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, AUSL Reggio Emilia-IRCCS, University of Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0474-5344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florenzo","family":"Iannone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Ionian Area, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreina","family":"Manfredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201004-0622OC","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease-associated 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