{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:28:51Z","timestamp":1781641731724,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of office-based probing with dacryoendoscopy under local anesthesia for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). This single-institution study retrospectively reviewed data on 72 eyes of 64 consecutive children (38 boys, 43 eyes; 26 girls, 29 eyes), aged between 6 and 17 (mean age: 10.0 \u00b1 2.7) months with suspected CNLDO, from July 2016 to February 2022. These patients underwent probing with dacryoendoscopy under local anesthesia. CNLDO was diagnosed clinically based on the presence of epiphora and sticky eyes due to mucous discharge commencing within the first 3 months of life, increased tear meniscus height, and fluorescein dye disappearance test results. A total of 63 of the 72 eyes had narrowly defined CNLDO, and 9 eyes had other types of obstructions. The intervention success rate was 100% (63\/63 eyes) for patients with typical CNLDO and 97.2% (70\/72 eyes) for the entire study cohort. Moreover, CNLDO was classified into five types based on the features of the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct. Probing with dacryoendoscopy is safe and yields a high success rate in pediatric patients with CNLDO. This is the first study to assess the safety and efficacy of probing with dacryoendoscopy under local anesthesia in pediatric patients with CNLDO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T02:46:47Z","timestamp":1699843607000},"page":"7048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessment of Office-Based Probing with Dacryoendoscopy for Treatment of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Ueta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shinseikai Toyama Hospital, 89-10 Shimowaka, Imizu 939-0243, Toyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shinseikai Toyama Hospital, 89-10 Shimowaka, Imizu 939-0243, Toyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoma","family":"Kamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shinseikai Toyama Hospital, 89-10 Shimowaka, Imizu 939-0243, Toyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuya","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shinseikai Toyama Hospital, 89-10 Shimowaka, Imizu 939-0243, Toyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7103.293","article-title":"Managing Congenital Lacrimal Obstruction in General Practice","volume":"315","author":"Young","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1991.103","article-title":"Epiphora during the First Year of Life","volume":"5","author":"MacEwen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"20","article-title":"Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in Japanese Infants: Its Incidence and Treatment with Massage","volume":"28","author":"Noda","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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