{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:32:36Z","timestamp":1792096356693,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neck Pain (NP) and low back pain (LBP) are ubiquitous musculoskeletal conditions and some of the major causes of disability worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of back pain among paramedics and their correlation with the nature of work, anthropometric features and the level of recreational physical activity. A group of 201 individuals (39 females (19.40%); 162 males (80.60%)), licensed to practice as paramedics in Poland completed a questionnaire containing the author\u2019s interview as well as the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire and the Revised Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Among the examined paramedics, 92% of the subjects reported the presence of back pain in different parts of the spine (36% C; 17% Th; and 85% LBP). The pain intensity, determined by VAS, was on average 4.26 (SD 1.77). The level of disability, assessed by NDI, was 7.67 (SD 5.73) on average, while the ODI was 7.51 (5.90). Work-related spinal strain has a major impact on the intensity and incidence of spinal pain. Spinal pain in paramedics mainly occurs in the lower back.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T08:35:52Z","timestamp":1699864552000},"page":"7060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Prevalence of Neck and Back Pain among Paramedics in Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Bryndal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Westerplatte 64, 76-200 Slupsk, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Culture and Health, State Higher School of Vocational Education in Koszalin, Le\u015bna 1, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3140-6313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Glowinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Westerplatte 64, 76-200 Slupsk, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Culture and Health, State Higher School of Vocational Education in Koszalin, Le\u015bna 1, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1243-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazimiera","family":"Hebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Westerplatte 64, 76-200 Slupsk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Grochulska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Grochulska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Westerplatte 64, 76-200 Slupsk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/51.2.124","article-title":"Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain at work: Evidence review","volume":"51","author":"Waddell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Occup. 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