{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:30:45Z","timestamp":1790627445812,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005972","name":"German Cancer Aid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["70113348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70113348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most frequent malignancy in young adult men and have one the highest heritability rates among all cancers. A recent multicenter case\u2013control study identified CHEK2 as the first moderate-penetrance TGCT predisposition gene. Here, we analyzed CHEK2 in 129 TGCT cases unselected for age of onset, histology, clinical outcome, and family history of any cancer, and the frequency of identified variants was compared to findings in 27,173 ancestry-matched cancer-free men. We identified four TGCT cases harboring a P\/LP variant in CHEK2 (4\/129, 3.10%), which reached statistical significance (p = 0.0191; odds ratio (OR), 4.06; 95% CI, 1.59\u201310.54) as compared to the control group. Cases with P\/LP variants in CHEK2 developed TGCT almost 6 years earlier than individuals with CHEK2 wild-type alleles (5.67 years; 29.5 vs. 35.17). No association was found between CHEK2 status and further clinical and histopathological characteristics, including histological subtypes, the occurrence of aggressive TGCT, family history of TGCT, and family history of any cancer. In addition, we found significant enrichment for the low-penetrance CHEK2 variant p.Ile157Thr (p = 0.0259; odds ratio (OR), 3.69; 95% CI, 1.45\u20139.55). Thus, we provide further independent evidence of CHEK2 being a moderate-penetrance TGCT predisposition gene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T08:44:27Z","timestamp":1699865067000},"page":"7065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Further Association of Germline CHEK2 Loss-of-Function Variants with Testicular Germ Cell Tumors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kira","family":"Kirchner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Finn-Ole","family":"Paulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Sievers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6071-7810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Bokemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4496-244X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davor","family":"Lessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1568","article-title":"Testicular germ-cell tumours in a broader perspective","volume":"5","author":"Oosterhuis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. 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