{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T12:14:13Z","timestamp":1771071253213,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exercise increases the serum level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), which in turn stimulates the production of various inflammatory cytokine antagonists, such as interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) are at high risk of inflammatory conditions. This study compared the effects of wheelchair half marathon on the immune system of male athletes with CSCI and those with thoracic\/lumber spinal cord injury (SCI). Neutrophil count, IL-1ra, IL-6, and various endocrine parameters were measured before, immediately and 1 h after the race in five CSCI and six SCI who completed the wheelchair marathon race. The percentage of neutrophils was significantly higher in CSCI immediately and 1 h after the race, compared with the baseline, and significantly higher in SCI at 1 h after the race. IL-6 was significantly higher immediately and 1 h after the race in SCI, whereas no such changes were noted in IL-6 in CSCI. IL-1ra was significantly higher at 1 h after the race in both SCI and CSCI. The race was associated with an increase in IL-1ra in both CSCI and SCI. These findings suggest wheelchair half marathon race increases IL-1ra even under stable IL-6 status in male CSCI individuals, and that such post-race increase in IL-1ra is probably mediated through circulatory neutrophils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:47:48Z","timestamp":1700009268000},"page":"7098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Increase in Serum Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1ra) Levels after Wheelchair Half Marathon Race in Male Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Masumi","family":"Nakahama-Matsushima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshi-ichiro","family":"Kamijyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu 321-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8005-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasunori","family":"Umemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takamasa","family":"Hashizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-1347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukihide","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3695, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2456-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazunari","family":"Furusawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kibikogen Rehabilitation Center for Employment Injuries, Okayama 716-1241, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Furotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumihiro","family":"Tajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9050-0460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Kouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2011.74","article-title":"Plasma IL-6 levels during arm exercise in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"49","author":"Umemoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2020.1816402","article-title":"Increased serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor following wheelchair half marathon race in individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"45","author":"Nishimura","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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