{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:42Z","timestamp":1787028642123,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. In Europe, ambulances are increasingly being equipped with blood products for prehospital use. Available evidence on the early administration of blood products comes from military medicine and the Anglo-American medical literature; the evidence cannot be easily transferred to European countries. Objectives. This study assesses the incidence of patients with massive haemorrhage after trauma and the potential need for prehospital blood transfusions. Methods. Data reported by 37 German air rescue stations between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively analysed to predict the need for massive transfusion. Results. A total of 320,347 helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) missions were performed and involved 2982 patients with potential need for massive transfusion after trauma (approximately 13 transfusions per helicopter per year). Men were most affected (73%). The median age of patients was 38 years. Traffic accidents accounted for 59% of the cases. Most patients sustained multiple injuries including traumatic brain injuries (62%), as well as thoracic (54%), abdominal (39%), and extremity injuries (41%). The median \u201crSIG\u201d (reversed shock index multiplied with the Glasgow Coma Scale) decreased from 4.31 to 3.78. Conclusions. Although the incidence of haemorrhagic trauma patients is low, the prehospital administration of blood products might be useful as a potentially life-saving bridging treatment until hospital admission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T03:48:17Z","timestamp":1701056897000},"page":"7310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Patients at Risk for Transfusion\u2014A Six-Year Multicentre Analysis of More Than 320,000 Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Missions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3550-1211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"J\u00e4nig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Ruebenacher Str. 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chadlia","family":"Willms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Ruebenacher Str. 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Schwietring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, ADAC Luftrettung gGmbH, Hansastr. 19, 80686 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"G\u00fcsgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Ruebenacher Str. 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnulf","family":"Willms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, and Visceral Surgery, Bundeswehr Hospital, Lesserstr. 180, 22049 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Didion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2621-961X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Gruebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Ruebenacher Str. 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0708-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Bieler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Ruebenacher Str. 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willi","family":"Schmidbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Ruebenacher Str. 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-020-00774-1","article-title":"Pre-hospital blood transfusion\u2014An ESA survey of European practice","volume":"28","author":"Thies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand. 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