{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:36:15Z","timestamp":1789011375173,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,26]],"date-time":"2023-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interatrial block (IAB) is defined by the presence of a P-wave \u2265120 ms. Advanced IAB is diagnosed when there is also a biphasic morphology in inferior leads. The cause of IAB is complete block of Bachmann\u2019s bundle, resulting in retrograde depolarization of the left atrium from areas near the atrioventricular junction. The anatomic substrate of advanced IAB is fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy. Dyssynchrony induced by advanced IAB is frequently a trigger and maintenance mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF) and other atrial arrhythmias. Bay\u00e9s syndrome is characterized by the association of advanced IAB with atrial arrhythmias. This syndrome is associated with an increased risk of stroke, dementia, and mortality. Advanced IAB frequently produces an alteration of the atrial architecture. This atrial remodeling may promote blood stasis and hypercoagulability, triggering the thrombogenic cascade, even in patients without AF. In addition, atrial remodeling may ultimately lead to mechanical dyssynchrony and enlargement. Atrial enlargement is usually the result of prolonged elevation of atrial pressure due to various underlying conditions such as IAB, diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, valvular heart disease, hypertension, and athlete\u2019s heart. Left atrial enlargement (LAE) may be considered present if left atrial volume indexed to body surface is &gt; 34 mL\/m2; however, different cut-offs have been used. Finally, atrial failure is a global clinical entity that includes any atrial dysfunction that results in impaired cardiac performance, symptoms, and decreased quality of life or life expectancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T03:48:17Z","timestamp":1701056897000},"page":"7331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Interatrial Block, Bay\u00e9s Syndrome, Left Atrial Enlargement, and Atrial Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Bejarano-Arosemena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0289-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Sell\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea, 28670 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.12.036","article-title":"Left Atrial Appendage Morphology and Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Pilot Study","volume":"27","author":"Yaghi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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