{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:44:09Z","timestamp":1788396249476,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004600","name":"Kyungpook National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the short storage period, large quantities of platelet concentrate (PC) are expiring. The expired PC cannot be injected into a blood vessel, but the activity of bioactive molecules, especially growth factors, is still preserved. In this paper, we organized a process to obtain a growth factor-rich bioproduct for use as a supplement in human cell culture by optimizing freezing, thawing, and sterilization conditions. Each unit of PC displayed visual differences, diverse biochemical values, and growth factor concentrations. To minimize lot-to-lot variation, we pooled a minimum of 10 PC units. The concentrations of growth factors were maximized through five freeze\u2013thaw cycles for 12 h at \u221280 \u00b0C for freezing and for 5 min at 36 \u00b0C for thawing. We used a cell strainer with 40 \u00b5m pores, followed by a 0.45 \u03bcm filter and a 0.22 \u03bcm filter sequentially to sterilize the bioproduct with minimizing loss. The obtained growth factors remained stable for 4\u20136 h at room temperature (23 \u00b0C), 24 h at 4 \u00b0C, and 12 months at \u221280 \u00b0C. Cellular responses to the growth factor-rich bioproduct were tested with primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. The cells exhibited a significantly increased growth rate, compared to the fetal bovine serum (FBS)-treated control group. The cells maintained their characteristic cuboidal shape, and stem cells and renal progenitor cells also preserved their genetic characteristics during culture. Therefore, the growth factor-rich bioproduct isolated from expired PC through our process can be used as a medium supplement to replace FBS in human cell culture for clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T07:56:10Z","timestamp":1701071770000},"page":"7345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Expired Platelet Concentrate Up-Cycling: Growth Factor-Rich Bioproduct Preparation for FBS Substitute"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Eun Hye","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Young","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo Hyun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minji","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3732-9814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun-Sok","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1055-2357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Wook","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joonbeom","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu 41199, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeongshik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ulsan Joongang Hospital, Ulsan 44667, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae","family":"Hwan Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Animal Research Support Team, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4275-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Joon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Gyun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4873-3049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bum Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4730-3776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"Analysis of Discarded Blood Components at a University Hospital in Korea","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J. 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