{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:26:50Z","timestamp":1792801610533,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spinal involvement by chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) has been increasingly reported in recent years, often being presented as a diagnostic dilemma requiring differential diagnosis with bacterial spondylodiscitis and\/or neoplasia. This study was aimed at identifying the imaging features of CNO facilitating its differentiation from other spinal diseases. Two radiologists assessed the imaging studies of 45 patients (16 male and 29 female, aged from 6 to 75 years, 15 children) with CNO collected from 5 referential centers. Spinal lesions were found in 17 patients (2 children and 15 adults), most often in the thoracic spine. In children, the lesions involved short segments with a destruction of vertebral bodies. In adults, the main findings were prominent bone marrow edema and osteosclerosis, endplate irregularities, and ankylosing lesions extending over long segments; paraspinal inflammation was mild and abscesses were not observed. In both children and adults, the involvement of posterior elements (costovertebral and facet joints) emerged as an important discriminator between CNO and neoplasia\/other inflammatory conditions. In conclusion, a careful inspection of imaging studies may help to reduce the number of biopsies performed in the diagnostic process of CNO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T09:37:54Z","timestamp":1701337074000},"page":"7419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Spinal Involvement in Patients with Chronic Non-Bacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO): An Analysis of Distinctive Imaging Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0108-0033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Byrdy-Daca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Duczkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2671-3036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Sudo\u0142-Szopi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"\u017belewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gruca Orthopaedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 05-400 Otwock, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Pi\u0142at","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I 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Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlena","family":"Bere\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Su\u0142kowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Czubak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gruca Orthopaedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 05-400 Otwock, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Go\u0142\u0119biowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, 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