{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:42:29Z","timestamp":1760150549233,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is common among heart valve disease patients, causing severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Although complications such as cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death are rare, the high prevalence of the condition leads to a significant number of such events. Through next-generation gene sequencing approaches, predisposing genetic components have been shown to play a crucial role in the development of MVP. After the discovery of the X-linked inheritance of filamin A, autosomal inherited genes were identified. In addition, the study of sporadic MVP identified several genes, including DZIP1, TNS1, LMCD1, GLIS1, PTPRJ, FLYWCH, and MMP2. The early screening of these genetic predispositions may help to determine the patient population at risk for severe complications of MVP and impact the timing of reconstructive surgery. Surgical mitral valve repair is an effective treatment option for MVP, resulting in excellent short- and long-term outcomes. Repair rates in excess of 95% and low complication rates have been consistently reported for minimally invasive mitral valve repair performed in high-volume centers. We therefore conceptualize a potential preventive surgical strategy for the treatment of MVP in patients with genetic predisposition, which is currently not considered in guideline recommendations. Further genetic studies on MVP pathology and large prospective clinical trials will be required to support such an approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T04:12:56Z","timestamp":1701403976000},"page":"7441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Potential of Intertwining Gene Diagnostics and Surgery for Mitral Valve Prolapse"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jasper","family":"Iske","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4926-5718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian J.","family":"Roesel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Cesarovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zuerich, 8092 Zuerich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Pitts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annabel","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synlab MVZ, Humangenetik Muenchen, 80337 Muenchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Knoedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo Z.","family":"Nazari-Shafti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serdar","family":"Akansel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Volkmar","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joerg","family":"Kempfert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kofler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81648-z","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of mitral valve prolapse in military young adults in Taiwan of the CHIEF Heart Study","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. 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