{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:03:50Z","timestamp":1789578230194,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pharmbio Korea, Inc.","award":["PBKACU20200608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PBKACU20200608"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Postoperative residual pain and dysesthesia in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) can reduce patient satisfaction. We investigated the effects of nefopam on dysesthesia, postoperative pain, and satisfaction in patients with LSS who underwent spine surgery. A total of 73 patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the nefopam group (n = 35), receiving a 20 mL normal saline-based solution containing nefopam 20 mg, and the control group (n = 38), which received 20 mL of normal saline 1 h before the end of the operation. Postoperative incisional pain, dysesthesia scores, and overall satisfaction with postoperative pain management were evaluated. The severity of dysesthesia within 12 and 24 h in the nefopam group was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.3 \u00b1 1.9 and 1.7 \u00b1 1.6 vs. 3.3 \u00b1 2.1, and 2.6 \u00b1 1.9, respectively; p = 0.029 and p = 0.048). Satisfaction scores for postoperative pain management were significantly higher in the nefopam group (3.7 \u00b1 0.6 vs. 3.1 \u00b1 1.0, respectively; p = 0.006). The administration of nefopam effectively reduced the severity of dysesthesia within 24 h of surgery in geriatric patients undergoing spine surgery and increased patient satisfaction with postoperative pain management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T10:39:48Z","timestamp":1701427188000},"page":"7468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of Nefopam on Dysesthesia, Postoperative Pain, and Satisfaction in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Undergoing Spine Surgery: A Double-Blind, Randomized Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4002-5520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sejong","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6455-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon Sook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dahyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3701-4030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bum-Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1360-1708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2738-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun-Su","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.5921","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of lumbar spinal stenosis: A review","volume":"327","author":"Katz","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h6234","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h6234","article-title":"Management of lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"352","author":"Lurie","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-013-0455-5","article-title":"Prevalence of lumbar spinal stenosis, using the diagnostic support tool, and correlated factors in Japan: A population-based study","volume":"18","author":"Yabuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000187876.14304.15","article-title":"Patients\u2019 expectations and satisfaction in lumbar spine surgery","volume":"30","author":"Toyone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199911010-00010","article-title":"Predictors of surgical outcome in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"24","author":"Katz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2017.04.004","article-title":"A prospective study of recovery from leg numbness following decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"22","author":"Oba","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12578","article-title":"Prediction of postoperative pain intensity after lumbar spinal surgery using pain sensitivity and preoperative back pain severity","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12506","article-title":"Nefopam analgesia and its role in multimodal analgesia: A review of preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"43","author":"Girard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"491","article-title":"Effect of Continuous Infusion of Intravenous Nefopam on Postoperative Opioid Consumption After Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"25","author":"Yoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, K.T., So, K.Y., Kim, S.C., and Kim, S.H. (2021). Effect of Nefopam-Based Patient-Controlled Analgesia with and without Fentanyl on Postoperative Pain Intensity in Patients Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Non-Inferiority Trial. Medicina, 57.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57040316"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.01.079","article-title":"Does Nefopam Provide Analgesic Effect and Reduce Morphine Consumption After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"37","author":"Pinsornsak","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2022.0358","article-title":"Perioperative intravenous nefopam on pain management and ambulation after open spine surgery: A randomized double-blind controlled study","volume":"17","author":"Chalermkitpanit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2014.27.2.103","article-title":"Rediscovery of nefopam for the treatment of neuropathic pain","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oh, S.H., Yoon, M.H., Lim, K.J., Yu, B.S., Jee, I.G., and Jung, K.T. (2018). Nefopam downregulates autophagy and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity in the regulation of neuropathic pain development following spinal nerve ligation. BMC Anesthesiol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-018-0559-8"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001411","article-title":"The antiallodynic effects of nefopam are mediated by the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel in a neuropathic pain model","volume":"123","author":"Koh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2014.27.4.326","article-title":"Effects of Nefopam on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Rats","volume":"27","author":"Nam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2015.30.8.1189","article-title":"Mechanical Antiallodynic Effect of Intrathecal Nefopam in a Rat Neuropathic Pain Model","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S224478","article-title":"The Antiallodynic Effect of Nefopam on Vincristine-Induced Neuropathy in Mice","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2016.29.1.40","article-title":"Nefopam reduces dysesthesia after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy","volume":"29","author":"Ok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1153-z","article-title":"A new grading system of lumbar central canal stenosis on MRI: An easy and reliable method","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1508788","article-title":"Laminectomy plus Fusion versus Laminectomy Alone for Lumbar Spondylolisthesis","volume":"374","author":"Ghogawala","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael048","article-title":"Ketamine for treatment of catheter related bladder discomfort: A prospective, randomized, placebo controlled and double blind study","volume":"96","author":"Agarwal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(87)90339-6","article-title":"Involvement of central serotonergic pathways in nefopam-induced antinociception","volume":"138","author":"Hunskaar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(93)90064-A","article-title":"Evaluation of nefopam as a monoamine uptake inhibitor in vivo in mice","volume":"32","author":"Fuller","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(01)00139-3","article-title":"Novel effect of nefopam preventing cGMP increase, oxygen radical formation and neuronal death induced by veratridine","volume":"41","author":"Groppetti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.04.035","article-title":"Nefopam blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels and modulates glutamatergic transmission in rodents","volume":"1013","author":"Verleye","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-005-0166-0","article-title":"Nefopam inhibits calcium influx, cGMP formation, and NMDA receptor-dependent neurotoxicity following activation of voltage sensitive calcium channels","volume":"28","author":"Novelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"836","article-title":"Randomized prospective study of the analgesic effect of nefopam after orthopaedic surgery","volume":"91","author":"Aubrun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen267","article-title":"Nefopam for the prevention of postoperative pain: Quantitative systematic review","volume":"101","author":"Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200767150-00002","article-title":"Recent advances in the pharmacological management of pain","volume":"67","author":"Guindon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31296","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000031296","article-title":"Postoperative analgesia of intraoperative nefopam in patients undergoing anterior cervical spine surgery: A prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"101","author":"Raksakietisak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2021.0337","article-title":"Analgesic effect of intravenous nefopam for postoperative pain in minimally invasive spine surgery: A randomized prospective study","volume":"16","author":"Chalermkitpanit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.22909.1","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of intravenous nefopam after spine surgery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Eiamcharoenwit","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200506000-00022","article-title":"Median effective dose (ED50) of nefopam and ketoprofen in postoperative patients: A study of interaction using sequential analysis and isobolographic analysis","volume":"102","author":"Delage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.09.021","article-title":"Mechanisms of neuropathic pain","volume":"52","author":"Campbell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen217","article-title":"Evaluation of intra-operative tramadol for prevention of catheter-related bladder discomfort: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study","volume":"101","author":"Agarwal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3705","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003705","article-title":"Preventive analgesic efficacy of nefopam in acute and chronic pain after breast cancer surgery: A prospective, double-blind, and randomized trial","volume":"95","author":"Na","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000093780.67532.95","article-title":"The median effective dose of nefopam and morphine administered intravenously for postoperative pain after minor surgery: A prospective randomized double-blinded isobolographic study of their analgesic action","volume":"98","author":"Beloeil","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"232","article-title":"Median effective dose (ED50) of paracetamol and nefopam for postoperative pain: Isobolographic analysis of their antinociceptive interaction","volume":"79","author":"Sitbon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4668-0","article-title":"The Clinical Course of Pain and Disability following Surgery for Spinal stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies","volume":"26","author":"Fritsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.06.008","article-title":"Why are patients dissatisfied after spine surgery when improvements in disability and pain are clinically meaningful?","volume":"20","author":"Sivaganesan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004351","article-title":"The relation of patient expectations, satisfaction, and outcome in surgery of the cervical spine: A prospective study","volume":"47","author":"Krauss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(97)00109-2","article-title":"The prognostic importance of patient pre-operative expectations of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"34","author":"Iversen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Patient Educ. Couns."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000251876.98496.52","article-title":"Patients\u2019 satisfaction with provided care\/information and expectations on clinical outcome after lumbar disc herniation surgery","volume":"32","author":"Lind","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000768","article-title":"Patient-specific factors associated with dissatisfaction after elective surgery for degenerative spine diseases","volume":"77","author":"Chotai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101857","article-title":"Decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in the elderly: Preoperative expectations and postoperative satisfaction","volume":"44","author":"Gepstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/23\/7468\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:36:24Z","timestamp":1760132184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/23\/7468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12237468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12237468","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]}}}