{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:16:30Z","timestamp":1767183390292,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Hemoglobinopathies, among which thalassemic syndromes (transfusion-dependent and non-transfusion dependent thalassemias) and sickle cell disease (SCD), are the most widespread monogenic diseases worldwide. Hemoglobinopathies are endemic and spread-out all-over Italy, as result of internal and external migration flows. Nowadays, the increase therapeutic options associated to the general aging of patients with hemoglobinopathies related to the improvement in clinical management, contribute to the abnormalities in kidney function going from blood and urine test alterations to chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease. Methods. Here, we carried out a revision of the literature as panel of recognized experts in hemoglobinopathies with the consultancy and the revision of two nephrologists on kidney alteration and kidney disease in patients with TDT, NTDT and SCD. This is part of the action of the Italian society for the study of thalassemia and hemoglobinopties (SITE). The purpose of this \u201cgood practice (GP)\u201d is to provide recommendations for follow-up and therapy for the management of kidney alterations in patients with TDT, NTDT and SCD. The literature review covers the period 1.1.2016 to 31.12.2022. In consideration of the rarity of these diseases, the analysis was extended from 5 to 7 years. Moreover, in the absence of relevant scientific papers in the identified time frame, we referred to pivotal or population studies, when available. Finally, in the absence of evidence-based data from prospective and randomized trials, the authors had to refer to expert opinion (expert consensus) for many topics. Results. We generated question and answer boxes to offer a friendly consultation, using color code strategy and focused answers. Conclusions. The present GP will help in improving the clinical management, and the quality of care of patients with hemoglobinopathies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T13:45:41Z","timestamp":1701524741000},"page":"7476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nephrological Complications in Hemoglobinopathies: SITE Good Practice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Giovan Battista","family":"Ruffo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O. Ematologia con Talassemia, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCSS AOU San Martino, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0087-5355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Casini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Talassemie Ed Emoglobinopatie, Ospedale \u201cMeyer\u201d, 50139 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Lombardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nazionale Trapianti, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, 00161 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Orecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Pediatrica, Thalassemia e Malattie Rare, \u201cMicrocitemico A. Cao\u201d, 09121 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7249-2735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Voi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Centro delle Emoglobinopatie, Universit\u00e0 di Torino, Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2346-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaella","family":"Origa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Talassemia, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico \u2018A. Cao\u2019, ASL8, Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gian Luca","family":"Forni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ematologia Centro della Microcitemia e delle Anemie Congenite\u2014E.O. Ospedali Galliera, 16128 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7615-0572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monia","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ss Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Gigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Societ\u00e0 Italiana Talassemie d Emoglobinopatie (SITE), Fondazione per la Ricerca sulle Anemie ed Emoglobinopatie in Italia\u2014For Anemia, 16124 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6432-2429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Garibotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurelio","family":"Maggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e0 Operativa Complessa Ematologia per le Malattie Rare del Sangue e degli Organi Ematopoietici, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-V., 90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7093-777X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"De Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Verona-Azienda Ospedeliera Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e80","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70150-5","article-title":"Global migration and the changing distribution of sickle haemoglobin: A quantitative study of temporal trends between 1960 and 2000","volume":"2","author":"Piel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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