{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:00:54Z","timestamp":1780052454549,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease that can have an association with endocrine disorders. There is conflicting information in the literature regarding the role of the thyroid gland in HS. This study aimed to close this knowledge gap and investigate how thyroid disease is involved in patients with HS. We carried out a case\u2013control study with a total of 160 patients, of whom 108 were patients with HS and 52 were controls matched for age and sex. Parametric and non-parametric methods were used to analyze the results. We calculated structural parameters of thyroid homeostasis to detect subclinical thyroid disease, non-thyroid disease syndrome and other forms. The severity of HS was not associated with thyroid hormone levels and antibodies (p &gt; 0.05). HS patients with or without hypothyroidism had decreased FT4 levels and a decreased thyroid secretory capacity (SPINA-GT). Titers of TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAb) were significantly higher in smoking HS patients compared to non-smokers (median: 1.18 vs. 1.08; p = 0.042). The rate of subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly higher in HS patients; thus, subclinical hypothyroidism is an important comorbidity of HS (p &lt; 0.05). Further studies are needed to investigate whether the chronic inflammation of HS is a cause of increased rates of (subclinical) hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T05:28:21Z","timestamp":1701667701000},"page":"7490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Primary Thyroid Dysfunction Is Prevalent in Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Marked by a Signature of Hypothyroid Graves\u2019 Disease: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nessr","family":"Abu Rached","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne Inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1185-3549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes W.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, NRW, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Diabetes Centre Bochum-Hattingen, St. Elisabeth-Hospital Blankenstein, Im Vogelsang 5-11, 45527 Hattingen, Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Ruhr Centre for Rare Diseases (CeSER), Ruhr University Bochum and Witten\/Herdecke University, Alexandrinenstr. 5, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Diabetes Technology, Catholic Hospitals Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Ocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne Inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Quast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, NRW, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Diabetes Centre Bochum-Hattingen, St. Elisabeth-Hospital Blankenstein, Im Vogelsang 5-11, 45527 Hattingen, Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Diabetes Technology, Catholic Hospitals Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Scheel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne Inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thilo","family":"Gambichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Phlebology, Christian Hospital Unna, 59423 Unna, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0418-521X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Falk G.","family":"Bechara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne Inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0149-1","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"6","author":"Sabat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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