{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T05:01:54Z","timestamp":1794373314419,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The worldwide increase in the prevalence and incidence of sleep disturbances represents a major public health issue. Among multiple determinants affecting sleep health, an individual\u2019s socioeconomic status (SES) is the most ignored and underestimated throughout the literature. No systematic review on the relation between SES and sleep health has been previously conducted in Latin America. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were used. Results: Twenty articles were included in the final sample (all cross-sectional studies), and twelve among them were rated as fair or poor quality. Among these studies, 80.0% (n = 16) were performed in Brazil, 10.0% (n = 2) were performed in Peru, 5.0% (n = 1) were performed in Chile, and 5.0% (n = 1) were multicentric (11 countries). The combined total number of participants was N = 128.455, comprising 3.7% (n = 4693) children, 16.0% (n = 20,586) adolescents, and 80.3% (n = 103,176) adults. The results show the following: (1) The sleep outcomes analyzed were sleep duration, sleep quality\/sleep disturbance, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)\/sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) symptoms, and bruxism. (2) The most used determinants were income, education level, employment status\/occupation, wealth\/assets, and composite indices. (3) Higher SES was associated with shorter sleep duration. (4) Lower SES was associated with a decrease in sleep quality, less frequent snoring, more prevalent EDS, and sleep bruxism. (5) Lower education was associated with insomnia. (6) Higher education was associated with more sleep bruxism. (7) The pooled prevalence using a meta-analysis of the random effects model was 24.73% (95%CI, 19.98\u201330.19), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 100%). (8) The prevalence of sleep disturbances decreased with high education (OR, 0.83; 95%CI, [0.69\u20130.99]; I2 = 79%), while it increased with low income (OR, 1.26; 95%CI, [1.12\u20131.42]; I2 = 59%), unemployment (OR, 2.84; 95%CI, [2.14\u20133.76]; I2 = 0%), and being a housewife (OR, 1.72; 95%CI, [1.19\u20132.48]; I2 = 55%). Discussion: This meta-analysis shows that lower SES (education, income, and work) was associated with sleep disturbances in Latin America. Therefore, sleep disturbance management should be addressed with a multidimensional approach, and a significant investment in targeted public health programs to reduce sleep disparities and support research should be made by the government before the situation becomes uncontrollable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12247508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T02:55:32Z","timestamp":1701744932000},"page":"7508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances in Latin American Populations and Its Association with Their Socioeconomic Status\u2014A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1977-0991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. A.","family":"Etindele Sosso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Ecoepidemiology, Redavi Institute, Montr\u00e9al, QC H4J 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6243-332X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Torres Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2883-8289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Queiroz Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4928-2667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4032-3974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Zoukal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, University Hassan II, Casablanca 20250, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Cordova","family":"Zarate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de L\u2019universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040119-094412","article-title":"Sleep Health: An Opportunity for Public Health to Address Health Equity","volume":"41","author":"Hale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. 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