{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T02:30:09Z","timestamp":1785810609819,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Myocardial work is an innovative echocardiographic tool to assess left ventricular performance. Emerging data have shown the added value of this method for evaluating cardiac function compared to traditional echocardiographic parameters and global longitudinal strain. However, few studies are present in the literature about the role of myocardial work during cardiac rehabilitation. Our aim was to assess the impact of a rehabilitation program on myocardial work indices in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and after coronary artery bypass grafting. In addition, we assessed the correlation between baseline myocardial work indices and their change after cardiac rehabilitation, establishing an optimal cut-off value to predict the improvement. Methods: An observational, single-center, and prospective study was conducted. We enrolled patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass grafting and with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Before and after the cardiac rehabilitation program, a comprehensive patient assessment was performed, including traditional transthoracic echocardiography, myocardial work analysis, and a six-minute walk test. Results: Eighty-four patients were enrolled; the mean age was 67.96 (\u00b17.42) years and 78.6% were male. The left ventricular ejection fraction was preserved in all patients, and the global longitudinal strain was \u221216.18 \u00b1 2.55%, the global work index was 1588.56 \u00b1 345 mmHg%, the global constructive work was 1771.27 \u00b1 366.36 mmHg%, the global wasted work was 105.8 \u00b1 72.02 mmHg%, and the global work efficiency was 92.63 \u00b1 3.9% at baseline. After the cardiac rehabilitation program, the global work index, the global constructive work, and the six-minute walk test improved significantly (1588.56 \u00b1 345 vs. 1960.2 \u00b1 377.03 mmHg%, p-value &lt; 0.001; 1771.27 \u00b1 366.36 vs. 2172.01 \u00b1 418.73 mmHg%, p-value &lt; 0.001; 70.71 \u00b1 40.2 vs. 437.5 \u00b1 108.70 m, p-value &lt; 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Myocardial work indices, specifically global work index and global constructive work, improve after cardiac rehabilitation program in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12247540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T11:32:29Z","timestamp":1701862349000},"page":"7540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Myocardial Work Assessment in Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting during Cardiac Rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-7908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Perone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Clinic \u201cVilla delle Magnolie\u201d, 81020 Castel Morrone, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Ancona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Unit and ICCU, A.O.R.N. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, \u201cL.Vanvitelli\u201d University, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fausto","family":"di Stasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Clinic \u201cVilla delle Magnolie\u201d, 81020 Castel Morrone, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"La Gambina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Clinic \u201cVilla delle Magnolie\u201d, 81020 Castel Morrone, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Comenale Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Clinic \u201cVilla delle Magnolie\u201d, 81020 Castel Morrone, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey188","article-title":"Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal non-invasive myocardial work indices: Results from the EACVI NORRE study","volume":"20","author":"Manganaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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