{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T20:49:02Z","timestamp":1773434942766,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 is a severe condition leading to early respiratory failure. Treatment options have become available, yet respiratory outcome measures in SMA type 1 are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the respiratory pattern in SMA type 1 patients via structured light plethysmography (SLP). SLP measures the thoraco-abdominal movements by projecting a light grid onto the anterior thoraco-abdominal surface. Methods: Cross-sectional study of consecutive children with SMA type 1. All children underwent motor assessment (CHOP-INTEND) and one-minute tidal breathing recording by SLP in supine position while self-ventilating in room air. The Respiratory rate, the abdominal vs. chest contribution to breath (Relative Expired Abdomen%, Relative Expired Chest%) and the severity of thoraco-abdominal paradox (Phase Angle) were acquired. Results: Nineteen patients were included, median (IQR) age 2.3 years (1.4\u20137.9). Their respiratory pattern captured via SLP showed a raised median (IQR) respiratory rate per age of 33.5 bpm (26.6\u201341.7), a prevalent abdominal contribution to tidal breathing with median (IQR) Relative Expired Abdomen 77% (68\u201390) vs. Chest 23% (10\u201332). Thoracoabdominal paradox was detected (median Phase Angle 48.70\u00b0) and its severity correlated negatively with CHOP-INTEND (r \u22120.8, p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: SLP captured and quantified the respiratory features of infants and children with SMA type 1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12247553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T05:57:08Z","timestamp":1701928628000},"page":"7553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Structured Light Plethysmography for Non-Invasive Assessment of Respiratory Pattern in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Noemi","family":"Brolatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Trucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Care, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Avanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Tacchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4571-611X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Panicucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Striano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Care, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Minetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Care, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3426-2901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Care, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Centre of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Pedemonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Neurology and Muscle Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aragon-Gawinska, K., Mouraux, C., Dangouloff, T., and Servais, L. 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