{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:39:16Z","timestamp":1792157956196,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrythmia and one of the strongest risk factors and causal mechanisms of ischemic stroke (IS). Acute IS due to AF tends to be more severe than with other etiology of IS and patients with treated AF have reported to experience worse outcomes after endovascular treatment compared with patients without AF. As cardioembolism accounts for more than a fifth of ISs and the risk of future stroke can be mitigated with effective anticoagulation, which has been shown to be effective and safe in patients with paroxysmal or sustained AF, the screening of patients with cryptogenic IS (CIS) for AF is paramount. Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is a subtype of CIS with a high likelihood of cardioembolism. The European Stroke Organization and European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend at least 72 h of screening when AF is suspected. The longer the screening and the earlier the time point after acute IS, the more likely the AF paroxysm is found. Several methods are available for short-term screening of AF, including in-hospital monitoring and wearable electrocardiogram recorders for home monitoring. Implantable loop monitors provide an effective long-term method to screen patients with high risk of AF after IS and artificial intelligence and convolutional neural networks may enhance the efficacy of AF screening in the future. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are preferred over vitamin K antagonists in both primary and secondary prevention of IS in AF patients. Recent data from the randomized controlled trials (RCT) also suggest that early initiation of DOAC treatment after acute IS is safe compared to later initiation. Anticoagulation treatment may still predispose for intracranial bleeding, particularly among patients with prior cerebrovascular events. Left atrial appendix closure offers an optional treatment choice for patients with prior intracranial hemorrhage and may offer an alternative to oral anticoagulation even for patients with IS, but these indications await validation in ongoing RCTs. There are still controversies related to the association of found AF paroxysms in CIS patients with prolonged screening, pertaining to the optimal duration of screening and screening strategies with prolonged monitoring techniques in patients with ESUS. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of epidemiology, screening, and prognosis in AF patients with stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13010030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T07:20:31Z","timestamp":1703056831000},"page":"30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Epidemiology, Screening, and Prognosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1620-051X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olli Pekka","family":"Suomalainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 340, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Martinez-Majander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 340, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Broman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 340, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Mannism\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 340, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7030-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aapo","family":"Aro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Curtze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 340, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Pakarinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8691-5142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Lehto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Putaala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 340, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31179-X","article-title":"Stroke","volume":"396","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"20","author":"Feigin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"qcac086","article-title":"Trends in treatment and outcomes of atrial fibrillation during 2007\u201317 in Finland","volume":"9","author":"Teppo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Qual. Care Clin. Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2023.2160319","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and stroke","volume":"21","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1159\/000090531","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and 5-year mortality in the Copenhagen Stroke Study","volume":"21","author":"Kammersgaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005155","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005155","article-title":"Temporal Trends in Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Atrial Fibrillation in Primary Care","volume":"6","author":"Lane","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000166053.83476.4a","article-title":"Contribution of atrial fibrillation to incidence and outcome of ischemic stroke: Results from a population-based study","volume":"36","author":"Marini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.049768","article-title":"Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Looking Forward","volume":"142","author":"Katsanos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.4369","article-title":"Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review","volume":"313","author":"Lip","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00132-5","article-title":"Incidence, outcome, risk factors, and long-term prognosis of cryptogenic transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: A population-based study","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70310-7","article-title":"Embolic strokes of undetermined source: The case for a new clinical construct","volume":"13","author":"Hart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002140","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2022-002140","article-title":"Comprehensive nationwide incidence and prevalence trends of atrial fibrillation in Finland","volume":"9","author":"Lehto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC","volume":"42","author":"Hindricks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.12.001","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and stroke: A review and new insights","volume":"33","author":"Segura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308407","article-title":"Cardioembolic Stroke","volume":"120","author":"Kamel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606521","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.606521","article-title":"Patterns of Infarction on MRI in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Cardio-Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Sharobeam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.024","article-title":"Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: JACC Review Topic of the Week","volume":"75","author":"Ntaios","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"VI","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873221099478","article-title":"European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline on screening for subclinical atrial fibrillation after stroke or transient ischaemic attack of undetermined origin","volume":"7","author":"Rubiera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Stroke J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2022.04.030","article-title":"Long-Term Cardiac Monitoring After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Search Longer, Look Harder","volume":"135","author":"Sagris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2139910","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.39910","article-title":"Screening for Atrial Fibrillation\u2014Refining the Target","volume":"5","author":"Kalscheur","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of Atrial Fibrillation: Geographic\/Ecological Risk Factors, Age, Sex, Genetics","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Card. Electrophysiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316340","article-title":"Epidemiology of Atrial Fibrillation in the 21st Century: Novel Methods and New Insights","volume":"127","author":"Kornej","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k1453","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1453","article-title":"Lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation according to optimal, borderline, or elevated levels of risk factors: Cohort study based on longitudinal data from the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"361","author":"Staerk","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht280","article-title":"Projections on the number of individuals with atrial fibrillation in the European Union, from 2000 to 2060","volume":"34","author":"Krijthe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019897870","article-title":"Global epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: An increasing epidemic and public health challenge","volume":"16","author":"Lippi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.958306","article-title":"European ancestry as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in African Americans","volume":"122","author":"Marcus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.11.026","article-title":"Frequency, patient characteristics, treatment strategies, and resource usage of atrial fibrillation (from the Italian Survey of Atrial Fibrillation Management [ISAF] study)","volume":"111","author":"Filippi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"259","article-title":"Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in Spain. OFRECE study results","volume":"67","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.2174\/157340310791658730","article-title":"Cardioembolic stroke: Clinical features, specific cardiac disorders and prognosis","volume":"6","author":"Arboix","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.06.1313","article-title":"Cardiac Fibrosis in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications","volume":"66","author":"Dzeshka","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.05.015","article-title":"Improving outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: Rationale and design of the Early treatment of Atrial fibrillation for Stroke prevention Trial","volume":"166","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.9.1479","article-title":"Short-term Predictors of Incident Stroke in Older Adults","volume":"27","author":"Manolio","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2015.05.003","article-title":"Atrial Fibrillation and Thrombogenesis: Innocent Bystander or Guilty Accomplice?","volume":"1","author":"Akar","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60040-4","article-title":"Mechanisms of thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation: Virchow\u2019s triad revisited","volume":"373","author":"Watson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2019.05.005","article-title":"Atrial Myopathy","volume":"4","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.10.1760","article-title":"Stroke Severity in Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.10.1765","article-title":"Acute stroke with atrial fibrillation. The Copenhagen Stroke Study","volume":"27","author":"Nakayama","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e022638","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.022638","article-title":"Ischemic Stroke Severity and Mortality in Patients with and without Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"11","author":"Vinding","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079205","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1079205","article-title":"Risk factors of hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischaemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d124","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d124","article-title":"Validation of risk stratification schemes for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: Nationwide cohort study","volume":"342","author":"Olesen","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.14503\/THIJ-14-4353","article-title":"Meta-analysis of CHADS2 versus CHA2DS2-VASc for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation patients independent of anticoagulation","volume":"42","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tex. Heart Inst. J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.012609","article-title":"Ischemic Stroke Risk in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and CHA2DS2-VASc Score of 1: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"47","author":"Joundi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1201.100209","article-title":"Epidemiology of ischemic stroke subtypes according to TOAST criteria: Incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival in ischemic stroke subtypes: A population-based study","volume":"32","author":"Weber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107039","article-title":"Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"365","author":"Granger","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310907","article-title":"Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"369","author":"Giugliano","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00003","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis","volume":"131","author":"Hart","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905561","article-title":"Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"361","author":"Connolly","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009638","article-title":"Rivaroxaban versus Warfarin in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"365","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw007","article-title":"The impact of atrial fibrillation type on the risk of thromboembolism, mortality, and bleeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Ganesan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr488","article-title":"Evaluation of risk stratification schemes for ischaemic stroke and bleeding in 182,678 patients with atrial fibrillation: The Swedish Atrial Fibrillation cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Friberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12352","article-title":"Higher baseline international normalized ratio value correlates with higher mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage during warfarin use","volume":"21","author":"Curtze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1675400","article-title":"Predicting Thromboembolic and Bleeding Event Risk in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review","volume":"118","author":"Borre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1159\/000504191","article-title":"The Correlation between Atrial Fibrillation and Prognosis and Hemorrhagic Transformation","volume":"82","author":"Dang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.510321","article-title":"Early Hemorrhagic Transformation of Brain Infarction: Rate, Predictive Factors, and Influence on Clinical Outcome","volume":"39","author":"Paciaroni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"4244267","article-title":"A Review of Risk Factors and Predictors for Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke","volume":"2021","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Vasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703258","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.703258","article-title":"Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Management","volume":"12","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010133","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010133","article-title":"Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation: Time to Initiation of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy and Outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Paciaroni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-018-0813-y","article-title":"Atrial Fibrillation for the Neurologist: Preventing both Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes","volume":"18","author":"Gokcal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.8.880","article-title":"The effect of warfarin and intensity of anticoagulation on outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"164","author":"Rosand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-022-01671-4","article-title":"Risk Factors for Anticoagulant-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurocrit. Care"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003886","article-title":"Outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with different oral anticoagulants","volume":"88","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1609156","article-title":"Cryptogenic Stroke","volume":"375","author":"Saver","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000325059.86313.31","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation detected by mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry in cryptogenic TIA or stroke","volume":"71","author":"Tayal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1311376","article-title":"Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Cryptogenic Stroke","volume":"370","author":"Gladstone","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.007763","article-title":"Predictors of finding occult atrial fibrillation after cryptogenic stroke","volume":"46","author":"Favilla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012858","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012858","article-title":"Prevalence and Overlap of Potential Embolic Sources in Patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source","volume":"8","author":"Ntaios","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"522","article-title":"Temporal relations between atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke and their prognostic impact on mortality","volume":"22","author":"Camen","year":"2020","journal-title":"EP Eur."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2019422","article-title":"Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"383","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab593","article-title":"Systematic, early rhythm control strategy for atrial fibrillation in patients with or without symptoms: The EAST-AFNET 4 trial","volume":"43","author":"Willems","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901183","article-title":"Large-Scale Assessment of a Smartwatch to Identify Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"381","author":"Perez","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060291","article-title":"Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in a Large Population Using Wearable Devices: The Fitbit Heart Study","volume":"146","author":"Faranesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"6","article-title":"Early diagnosis and better rhythm management to improve outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: The 8th AFNET\/EHRA consensus conference","volume":"25","author":"Schnabel","year":"2023","journal-title":"EP Eur."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873221139410","article-title":"Prolonged cardiac monitoring for stroke prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Tsivgoulis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Stroke J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01637-8","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in systematic screening for atrial fibrillation (STROKESTOP): A multicentre, parallel group, unmasked, randomised controlled trial","volume":"398","author":"Svennberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"24","article-title":"Stepwise mass screening for atrial fibrillation using N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide: The STROKESTOP II study","volume":"22","author":"Fredriksson","year":"2020","journal-title":"EP Eur."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01698-6","article-title":"Implantable loop recorder detection of atrial fibrillation to prevent stroke (The LOOP Study): A randomised controlled trial","volume":"398","author":"Svendsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303062","article-title":"Anticoagulation with Edoxaban in Patients with Atrial High-Rate Episodes","volume":"389","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1802686","article-title":"Rivaroxaban for Stroke Prevention after Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source","volume":"378","author":"Hart","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1813959","article-title":"Dabigatran for Prevention of Stroke after Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source","volume":"380","author":"Diener","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.037342","article-title":"Controversies in Stroke: Should Patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source Undergo Intensive Heart Rhythm Monitoring with an Implantable Loop Recorder?","volume":"53","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816511","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.816511","article-title":"Neurologist-Led Management of Implantable Loop-Recorders After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source","volume":"12","author":"Pikija","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70027-X","article-title":"Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation after stroke and transient ischaemic attack: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Sposato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e820","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.034498","article-title":"Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Approaches in Risk Stratification for Cardioembolism","volume":"52","author":"Bhat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002081","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2022-002081","article-title":"A meta-analysis of extended ECG monitoring in detection of atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjdh\/ztac026","article-title":"ESC Working Group on e-Cardiology Position Paper: Accuracy and reliability of electrocardiogram monitoring in the detection of atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke patients: In collaboration with the Council on Stroke, the European Heart Rhythm Association, and the Digital Health Committee","volume":"3","author":"Dilaveris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Digit Health"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12649","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12649","article-title":"Continuous 4-week ECG monitoring with adhesive electrodes reveals AF in patients with recent embolic stroke of undetermined source","volume":"24","author":"Lumikari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12802","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12802","article-title":"Prolonged ECG with a novel recorder utilizing electrode belt and mobile device in patients with recent embolic stroke of undetermined source: A pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Lumikari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol."},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"950","article-title":"Verification of pacemaker automatic mode switching for the detection of atrial fibrillation and atrial tachycardia with Holter recording","volume":"8","author":"Fast","year":"2006","journal-title":"EP Eur."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2009.02576.x","article-title":"The effect of bipole tip-to-ring distance in atrial electrodes upon atrial tachyarrhythmia sensing capability in modern dual-chamber pacemakers","volume":"33","author":"Silberbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. PACE"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.10.045","article-title":"Device-detected atrial fibrillation: What to do with asymptomatic patients?","volume":"65","author":"Scarabelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03086146","article-title":"Diagnostic tools for atrial tachyarrhythmias in implantable pacemakers: A review of technical options and pitfalls","volume":"16","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neth. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-012-9691-4","article-title":"Performance of atrial tachyarrhythmia-sensing algorithms in dual-chamber pacing using a fixed long AV delay in patients with sinus node dysfunction","volume":"35","author":"Pakarinen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Interv. Card. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2006.00545.x","article-title":"Management of far-field R wave sensing for the avoidance of inappropriate mode switch in dual chamber pacemakers: Results of the FFS-test study","volume":"17","author":"Kolb","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757188","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.757188","article-title":"Reappraisal of Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-006-9065-x","article-title":"First-degree atrioventricular block. Clinical manifestations, indications for pacing, pacemaker management & consequences during cardiac resynchronization","volume":"17","author":"Barold","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Interv. Card. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000057981.70380.45","article-title":"Atrial high rate episodes detected by pacemaker diagnostics predict death and stroke: Report of the Atrial Diagnostics Ancillary Study of the MOde Selection Trial (MOST)","volume":"107","author":"Glotzer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.07.044","article-title":"Monitored atrial fibrillation duration predicts arterial embolic events in patients suffering from bradycardia and atrial fibrillation implanted with antitachycardia pacemakers","volume":"46","author":"Capucci","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.109.849638","article-title":"The relationship between daily atrial tachyarrhythmia burden from implantable device diagnostics and stroke risk: The TRENDS study","volume":"2","author":"Glotzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.04.022","article-title":"Temporal relationship of atrial tachyarrhythmias, cerebrovascular events, and systemic emboli based on stored device data: A subgroup analysis of TRENDS","volume":"8","author":"Daoud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007825","article-title":"Temporal Relationship Between Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation and Embolic Events","volume":"129","author":"Brambatti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.003057","article-title":"Atrial Fibrillation Burden and Short-Term Risk of Stroke: Case-Crossover Analysis of Continuously Recorded Heart Rhythm From Cardiac Electronic Implanted Devices","volume":"8","author":"Turakhia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Healey, J.S., Lopes, R.D., Granger, C.B., Alings, M., and Rivard, L. (2023). Apixaban for Stroke Prevention in Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation. N. Engl. J. Med.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2310234"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McIntyre, W.F., Benz, A.P., Becher, N., Healey, J.S., Granger, C.B., Rivard, L., Camm, J., Goette, A., Zapf, A., and Alings, M. (2023). Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Device-Detected Atrial Fibrillation: A Study-Level Meta-Analysis of the NOAH-AFNET 6 and ARTESiA Trials. Circulation.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067512"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005960","article-title":"Acute hospital, community, and indirect costs of stroke associated with atrial fibrillation: Population-based study","volume":"45","author":"Hannon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1159\/000255973","article-title":"Stroke associated with atrial fibrillation\u2014Incidence and early outcomes in the north Dublin population stroke study","volume":"29","author":"Hannon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.048827","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation as a predictive factor for severe stroke and early death in 15,831 patients with acute ischaemic stroke","volume":"76","author":"Kimura","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000248","article-title":"Long-term survival after ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"82","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.12.027","article-title":"Trend in mortality after stroke with atrial fibrillation","volume":"120","author":"Frost","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-022-01787-1","article-title":"Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"24","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hindsholm, M.F., Damgaard, D., Gurol, M.E., Gaist, D., and Simonsen, C.Z. (2023). Management and Prognosis of Acute Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12175752"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.011","article-title":"2019 AHA\/ACC\/HRS Focused Update of the 2014 AHA\/ACC\/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society","volume":"74","author":"January","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62343-0","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"383","author":"Ruff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.03.011","article-title":"A comparison of dabigatran etexilate with warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves: THE Randomized, phase II study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral dabigatran etexilate in patients after heart valve replacement (RE-ALIGN)","volume":"163","author":"Brueckmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00456-1","article-title":"Safety of the oral factor XIa inhibitor asundexian compared with apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation (PACIFIC-AF): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, dose-finding phase 2 study","volume":"399","author":"Piccini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987319841187","article-title":"Antithrombotic treatment for secondary prevention of stroke and other thromboembolic events in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack and non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A European Stroke Organisation guideline","volume":"4","author":"Klijn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Stroke J."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.06.008","article-title":"Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation and History of Acute Coronary Syndromes: Insights from GARFIELD-AF","volume":"132","author":"Verheugt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht134","article-title":"EHRA practical guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: Executive summary","volume":"34","author":"Heidbuchel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060666","article-title":"Early Versus Delayed Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Therapy After Acute Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation (TIMING): A Registry-Based Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Study","volume":"146","author":"Oldgren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303048","article-title":"Early versus Later Anticoagulation for Stroke with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"388","author":"Fischer","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.022856","article-title":"Anticoagulation After Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"50","author":"Altavilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.038239","article-title":"Recurrent Ischemic Stroke and Bleeding in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Who Suffered an Acute Stroke While on Treatment with Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants: The RENO-EXTEND Study","volume":"53","author":"Paciaroni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galea, R., Seiffge, D., and R\u00e4ber, L. (2023). Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke despite Oral Anticoagulation. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185784"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25700","article-title":"Ischemic Stroke despite Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"87","author":"Seiffge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-326166","article-title":"Ischaemic stroke on anticoagulation therapy and early recurrence in acute cardioembolic stroke: The IAC study","volume":"92","author":"Yaghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2249993","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.49993","article-title":"Outcomes of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Following Thrombectomy for Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Kobeissi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e282","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000407","article-title":"2022 Guideline for the Management of Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"53","author":"Greenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.652065","article-title":"Poor prognosis in warfarin-associated intracranial hemorrhage despite anticoagulation reversal","volume":"43","author":"Dowlatshahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"698","article-title":"Frequent premature atrial contractions are associated with atrial fibrillation, brain ischaemia, and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Himmelreich","year":"2019","journal-title":"EP Eur."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e944","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000740","article-title":"Subclinical and Device-Detected Atrial Fibrillation: Pondering the Knowledge Gap: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"140","author":"Noseworthy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31721-0","article-title":"An artificial intelligence-enabled ECG algorithm for the identification of patients with atrial fibrillation during sinus rhythm: A retrospective analysis of outcome prediction","volume":"394","author":"Attia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01637-3","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-guided screening for atrial fibrillation using electrocardiogram during sinus rhythm: A prospective non-randomised interventional trial","volume":"400","author":"Noseworthy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008997","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.008997","article-title":"Performance of Atrial Fibrillation Risk Prediction Models in Over 4 Million Individuals","volume":"14","author":"Khurshid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythmic Electrophysiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/1\/30\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:42:03Z","timestamp":1760132523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/1\/30"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13010030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13010030","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]}}}