{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:09:34Z","timestamp":1792037374015,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Leucemia y Linfoma. Registro de Fundaciones de Competencia Estatal del Ministerio de Justicia","award":["974. G-82622788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["974. G-82622788"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common adult hematologic malignancy, and early intervention increases survival in asymptomatic high-risk patients. Imaging is crucial for the diagnosis and follow-up of MM, as the detection of bone and bone marrow lesions often dictates the decision to start treatment. Low-dose whole-body computed tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for the initial assessment, and dual-energy CT is a developing technique with the potential for detecting non-lytic marrow infiltration and evaluating the response to treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive and specific than 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (FDG-PET\/CT) for the detection of small focal lesions and diffuse marrow infiltration. However, FDG-PET\/CT is recommended as the modality of choice for follow-up. Recently, diffusion-weighted MRI has become a new technique for the quantitative assessment of disease burden and therapy response. Although not widespread, we address current proposals for structured reporting to promote standardization and diminish variations. This review provides an up-to-date overview of MM imaging, indications, advantages, limitations, and recommended reporting of each technique. We also cover the main differential diagnosis and pitfalls and discuss the ongoing controversies and future directions, such as PET-MRI and artificial intelligence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13010264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T10:36:59Z","timestamp":1704191819000},"page":"264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Imaging of Multiple Myeloma: Present and Future"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4581-0993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Laval","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Hospital La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Calle Diego de Le\u00f3n 62, 28005 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Lumbreras-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Hospital La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Calle Diego de Le\u00f3n 62, 28005 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Aguado-Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, University Hospital La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Calle Diego de Le\u00f3n 62, 28005 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nieves","family":"G\u00f3mez-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Hospital La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Calle Diego de Le\u00f3n 62, 28005 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4065\/78.1.21","article-title":"Review of 1027 Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma","volume":"78","author":"Kyle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. 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