{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:20:44Z","timestamp":1783480844843,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Advanced Practice Provider Grant","award":["2021-304503-H01-ARZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-304503-H01-ARZ"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The performed hand-held echocardiography (HHE) was evaluated and interpreted by trained advanced practice providers (APPs) on hospitalized CHF patients for image quality and interpretation by comparing with expert echocardiographer and SE findings. Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with increased hospital admissions and mortality. While a standard echocardiogram (SE) is the gold standard for cardiac assessment, it is not readily available. Hospitalized CHF patients require rapid assessment for expedited treatment. Methods: Over 6 months, five trained APPs performed HHE on hospitalized CHF patients and interpreted: (a) left ventricular (LV) size, (b) LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and (c) right atrial pressure (RAP). The study echocardiographer reviewed and blindly interpreted the HHE images and compared them with APPs and SE findings. Kappa statistics determined the degree of agreement between APPs and the study echocardiographer\u2019s interpretation of the HHE images and SE. Results: A total of 80 CHF patients (age 73 \u00b1 14 years, 58% males; LVEF (by SE) 45 \u00b1 19%; 36.3% body mass indexes \u2265 30 kg\/m2) were enrolled. HHE interpretation by APPs had a good agreement for LVEF (kappa 0.79) with the study echocardiographer and SE (kappa 0.74) and a good agreement for RAP (kappa 0.67) with the study echocardiographer. The correlation between the absolute LVEF interpretation by the study echocardiographer on HHE and SE was r = 0.88 (p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: Trained APPs obtained diagnostic-quality HHE images and interpreted the LV function and RAP in CHF patients in good agreement with the study echocardiographer. LVEF by HHE correlated with LVEF by SE. Our study suggests trained APPs can use HHE to evaluate LVEF and RAP in CHF patients, leading to expedited and optimized treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T05:12:17Z","timestamp":1704431537000},"page":"312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hand-Held Echocardiography by Advanced Practice Providers in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4575-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cecilia","family":"Tagle-Cornell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara S.","family":"Novais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6256-3189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songnan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin N.","family":"Shipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepa R.","family":"Mandale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Flom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep K.","family":"Sahnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey M.","family":"Kriz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Alland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christen W.","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3160-9025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tasneem Z.","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-1-201107050-00005","article-title":"Is pocket mobile echocardiography the nest-generation stethoscope? 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